Howard Crosby Butler. 1872-1922

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Howard Crosby Butler

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HOWARD

CROSBY

BUTLER

♦

HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER

1872-1922

PRINCETON

MCMXXIII

COPYRIGHT 1923 BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS

THE PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON U. S. A.

CONTENTS

TO H. C. B., I

C. IV. Kennedy

THE MASTER, 2

Tom English

HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER, 3

V. L. Collins

THE MEMORIAL SERVICE 43

PRESIDENT HIBBEN 4/

PROFESSOR OSBORN 51

PROFESSOR MARQUAND 55

DR. ROBINSON 59

DR. HOGARTH 63

DR. VAN DYKE 65

CAPTAIN o’cONNOR 67

DEAN WEST 69

BISHOP MATTHEWS 75

IN PROCTER HALL, 77

S. L. Wright , Jr.

MINUTE OF THE ORIENTAL CLUB 78

MESSAGE OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE IMPERIAL
OTTOMAN MUSEUM 83

LINES IN MEMORY OF HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER, 84

Edward Steese

RESOLUTION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL

INSTITUTE OF AMERICA 86

HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER - A BIBLIOGRAPHY, 87

H. S. Leach

.

- ■ ■ ■ — -

_

— —

HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER

To H. C. B.

CHARLES W. KENNEDY

Of thee, whom honor drew
As moon the sea,

What words have we that knew
For elegy?

Lover of truth, thou art
Where all is true;

The whole that of the part
Death doth renew.

Lover of beauty thou,

Beyond all art

Made one with beauty now,

And beauty’s heart.

Lover of chivalry
And gentleness,

Gently death deal with thee,
And slow time bless.

C 1 3

THE MASTER

TOM ENGLISH

‘‘I go to wake the dead.” The master spoke,

And striking in the desert with his spade,

He turned the clay dead ages had o’erlaid
Upon the graves of empires, whence awoke
The city of great Croesus’ golden folk, —
Streets, squares, and temples wondrously
displayed

To eyes of men and heaven’s high parade,
Which timeless, changeless, views time’s
changing stroke.

This was our master, who has journeyed hence,
Beyond the frontiers of earth’s desert day,

On some dim que£t he never may reveal.

How far the way, the night how murky-dense,
It matters not; his Master’s word of sway
Will bid him wake at la£l to endless weal.

[ 2 ]

HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER

VARNUM LANSING COLLINS

HOWARD BUTLER was born at Croton
Falls, New York, on March 7,1872, the son
of Edward Marchant and Helen Belden (Cros¬
by) Butler. Receiving his early education from
private tutors and at Lyons Collegiate Insti¬
tute, New York City — his mother taught him
his Latin, — he entered the Berkeley School in
October 1888 to prepare for sophomore Stand¬
ing at Princeton. Letters of his, written to his
parents before he was ten years old, promised
traits and gifts that were to mark his matur¬
ity. They reveal charmingly his more than
boyish anxiety for the welfare of his farm
animals, his chickens, turkeys and sheep, and
“tough little ducks;” a love of flowers and
hills and the open air is very apparent; trees
arching a country lane Stir his delight; he
wonders with evident concern how nearly the
new farmhouse at home is approaching com¬
pletion; and he observes that there are “lots
of churches” in the town he is visiting, “some¬
thing that they did not have at Coney Island”
where he had spent one afternoon. MoSt sig¬
nificant of all, in view of his subsequent career,
was his childhood habit of collecting news-

[ 3 3

paper clippings describing the arrivals and
sailings of ocean steamships, and, as he grew
older, clippings of travel and archaeological
discovery. It was as if, even in those early
years, he were already dreaming and plan¬
ning.

AgainSt this background of life in the open
amid growing things, and of interests as varied
as they were keen, sobered by the brooding
fascination of an elder world that beckoned
to him from beyond the sea, he had grown in¬
to a quiet lad of already unmistakable per¬
sonality. One of his Berkeley School contem¬
poraries, two or three forms below him, has
written this recollection :

There were certain characteristics about How¬
ard Butler that never loSt their impression. As a
younger boy in school, I remember he was al¬
ways the courteous, thoughtful gentleman, and
although we naturally met but seldom, he always
responded with a greeting, the personal and yet
perfectly appropriate spirit of which I can never
forget. Perhaps I met him a dozen times in my
life and never under any except every day cir¬
cumstances, and yet my impression of him to¬
day is more vivid than of any one else of so pass¬
ing an acquaintance. I feel sure he muSt have im¬
pressed many in this mysterious way; and yet it
is not Strange if one realizes the true Strength of
his personality and the unusual gentleness of his
address.

[ 4 3

In September 1889 he entered the Class of
1892 at Princeton as a Sophomore, rooming in
his firift year at No. 33 North Edwards Hall.
During his laSt two years as an undergraduate
he occupied No. 7 Reunion Hall. At a time
when campus life was ruder than now and the
life of a Sophomore in particular was that of
an Ishmael against whom every hand was
lifted, his refinement of manner, dress, and
speech singled him out immediately and de¬
ceived his classmates as to the strength of will
and unhesitant courage that lay beneath his
calm exterior, much as his mediocre standing
during his Sophomore and Junior years gave
but slight indication of his latent powers.
Careless campus assessment, prone to judge
at fir£t by externals, is the explanation of the
nickname “Mabel” that was swiftly given
him; but campus judgment usually comes out
right at la£t, and it was not long before
Howard Butler won prominence in the affec¬
tion and respedf of the Class.

His choices of £tudy lay in History, the lan¬
guages, and Ancient and Modern Art; and in
Art and the languages he ultimately held
high rank. He already knew his Classics and
English Literature. Later he learned to speak
French and Italian fluently, and Arabic, Tur¬
kish and Modern Greek sufficiently well to
dispense with interpreters if necessary, al-

C 5 3

though he was never a serious student of lan¬
guages. A well-known professor at Princeton
dill cherishes the photograph of a class in
Dante, whose members for their la£t recita¬
tion disguised themselves as ruffians of the
Mafia, and none in the group looks blood-
thirCtier than Butler. He accepted initiation
into the American Whig Society but, one
imagines, only because every undergraduate
at Princeton in the eighteen-nineties was ex¬
pected to belong to one or the other of her
ancient twin literary societies; his tables were
too individual and delicate to permit him to
be an aCtive Hall member; by nature he was
neither a debater nor an orator, but rather a
reader and a dream-builder.

During his Junior year he helped to organize
an eating-club called “The Inn” which later
became “Tiger Inn,” and for which he de¬
signed eventually the clubhouse on ProspeCt
Avenue. The year following his graduation he
was also one of a group of congenial spirits
(among whom were Jesse Lynch Williams and
Booth Tarkington) who Ctyled themselves
“The Coffee House” with the avowed inten¬
tion of reading together classic English plays,
but who aClually found themselves given over
to discussing everything in general and thus
each week settling the affairs of the universe.
“My recollections of the ‘Coffee House/ ”

[ 6 3

however, writes one of its members, “are
among the mo£t precious of my college course,
and I derived no little benefit from those
gatherings and from the gentle and at all times
thoughtful and intelligent criticism of But¬
ler.” Tarkington, then a Senior with a pen
gifted in more ways than one, saved to pos¬
terity the name of this coterie by doing for
the college annual a charming little drawing,
in eighteenth century manner, of the “Coffee
House” in session, its members frankly en¬
gaged in anything but serious reading.

Howard Butler’s most important contri¬
bution to extra-curricular life at Princeton
was the prominent share he had during his
Senior year in reviving the University Dra¬
matic Association, playing the part of Bianca
in John Kendrick Bangs’ “Katherine,” and
in the next Spring taking the character of
Portia in “The Hon. Julius Caesar” by Po£t
Wheeler and Tarkington. This was the play
that may be said to have determined the
transformation of the moribund Dramatic
Association into the rollicking Triangle Club,
of which Butler remained until his death a
far-seeing director. It will not be thought, of
course, that the Triangle Club even in its
mo£t inspired moments represented the range
of his view of the place Drama should occupy
in a liberal education. He had not learned his

C 7 ]

Shakespeare by heart for nothing, nor was it
in vain that throughout his life Shakespeare’s
plays were his favorite reading — next to the
Bible, which he read daily. On the contrary,
he was convinced that a time would come
when Drama as an Art would be officially
recognized and treated seriously at Princeton,
and he died ju£t as his expectation was be¬
coming a reality.

One feature of the two productions men¬
tioned was a novelty at Princeton of thirty
years ago; they were musical comedies, the
scores being written by a classmate of Butler.
The latter’s appreciation of music was genuine
and not merely a social veneer; his crushing
rebuke delivered one night at the Metropoli¬
tan Opera House (where he was an annual
subscriber) to an individual who undertook
to hum the score with the singer on the 3tage
was the resentment of a keen lover of music
whose ta&e and knowledge were inherited.
This trait was noticeable in him as an under¬
graduate. The classmate-composer alluded to
makes comment on this facSt :

His personal charm, his love of the beautiful
and the poetry in life, his love of music were all
by-produ6ts of a character independent of asso¬
ciation or environment. It was at the point of
music that our lives mod intimately touched.
My memory now turns to long winter evenings

t 8 ]

when Butler would drop into my room in North
Dod, with a request for ‘something good.’ As I
played he would sit and dream — of what, who
knows? — until the end. His love of fine music
was pidtorial and he often expressed his visuali¬
zations after some selection that especially ap¬
pealed. They were always the expressions of a
poet. At these times he impressed me as a being
superior to his surroundings, a man apart, un¬
touched by environment. In fact, he always gave
me that sensation even when we were indulging
in the frivolity of a Triangle Club burlesque. I
have seen him but seldom in these later years
but each time he appeared finer. Purity of thought
and a6tion was always his, and the intervening
years seemed merely to polish and refine the
strong character that I had always known.

II

In June 1892 he was graduated with the de¬
gree of Bachelor of Arts, being awarded a Fel¬
lowship in Art and Archaeology. The Senior
Class Nassau Herald had recorded him as
expecting to enter the profession of law — a
more grotesque choice he could not have
made; but the ensuing year of graduate 6tudy
at Princeton was spent under the immeasure-
able inspiration of Professor Allan Marquand,
at whose home “Guernsey Hall” he resided,
and that year decided irrevocably the course
his life should follow. Considering his inher-

C 9 1

itance of love for the Fine Arts and the
Humanities, love of music and good books,
love of living things and the calm beauty of
Nature, his decision to devote himself to
Architecture, and particularly to Ancient
Architecture, is not difficult to explain. View¬
ing Architecture as an art rather than as a tech¬
nical science, and reading in its monuments
and history an expression of the lives of men
since the days of mankind’s mo£t primitive
shelters, he found in it the mo£t elemental
and oldest of human appeals; and his was
the type of mind in which the human appeal
invariably found response. It was not filial
devotion alone that took him regularly back
throughout his life to the little family circle
Still living in his boyhood home, to advise and
superintend, or to carry out — if need be with
his own hands — the planting of the garden,
the setting out of shrubbery, or the making of
those little changes and renovations that ex¬
press one’s love for a place where one’s roots
go deep. Beautifully devoted as he was to
that small household, these occupations were
also expressions of himself, outcroppings of a
dominant strain, satisfactions of personal
needs.

At Commencement in June 1 893 he received
the degree of Master of Arts on examina¬
tion. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy v/as

[ 10 3

now open to him, but he was too eager to
get ahead with independent research of his
own to give the time to acquiring any addi¬
tional degrees. Accordingly that autumn he
enrolled himself under Professor Ware’s guid¬
ance in the School of Architecture at Colum¬
bia University, applying himself to the techni¬
cal side of the architect’s profession. In i895
he was called back to Princeton as Lecturer
on Architecture, remaining the two academic
years of 1 895-1 896 and 1 896-1 897. At the Ses-
quicentennial Celebration of the founding of
Princeton, held in 1 896, he designed a beauti¬
ful Memorial Arch on Nassau Street, some¬
what following the lines of the Arch of Trajan
at Beneventum. Another of his creations at
Princeton was the memorial tablet that hung
in Marquand Chapel commemorating the he¬
roic death of two Princeton missionaries in the
Boxer Rebellion. Appointed for the year 1897-
1898 University Fellow in Archaeology at the
American School of Classical Studies in Rome,
he spent the year abroad.

As far back as his Junior year at college he
had been deeply interested in Count Melchior
de Vogue’s well-known record of his tour
through Central Syria in 1861-62, the pub¬
lished report and plates of which had remain¬
ed the principal if not the only source of infor¬
mation regarding Pagan and Christian Archi-

C 11 3

tedlure in that region. Correspondence with
the older scholar began an acquaintance which
visits to Paris ripened into warm friendship, so
that when Mr. Butler at length proposed to
extend and complete de Vogue’s explorations,
he not only received mo£t cordial encourage¬
ment but was given the note-books and maps
of the earlier journey. It may be added here
that he remained on the mo£t intimate terms
with M. de Vogue and eventually found him¬
self one of the few Americans — or was he not
the only one? — invited to contribute to the
“Florilegium” presented to the Count on his
eightieth birthday.

Thus began what has been called his queSt
among the ghoSt cities of the Syrian Wilder¬
ness and at the buried metropolis of Sardis,
a que£t which has been one of the modern
romances, as an editorial in The New York
Times happily phrased it, “where he put the
Recoverer by the side of the Discoverer in
the field of scientific adventure.”

It is not necessary to tell here the 6tory of
that que£t in detail; it may be read far more
convincingly in the Reports that have been
published, and in the estimate of Mr. Butler’s
professional work that is to appear in the
American Journal of Archaeology. But for the
present purpose it is in point to quote two
sentences from his statement of its origination

[ 12 ]

as he expressed it in an article published in the
Century Magazine of June 1903, containing a
curious resurgence and vindication of his
youthful wondering habit.

In reading M. de Vogue’s book one wonders
what there may be beyond and on each side of
his route; for he says that there were many great
ruins to be seen in the distance which could not
be reached for lack of time. And it was from won¬
dering what might be beyond, that an American
archaeological expedition was organized in 1899
to extend M. de Vogue’s work and verify his
drawings by the camera.

This was Butler’s firSl expedition into the
Syrian Desert and was made possible by the
generous patronage of a group of friends. Its
purpose was clearly explained in the preface
to his volume on “Architecture and Other
Arts” in Part II of the “Publications of an
American Archaeological Expedition to Syria,
1899-1900,” where he says:

It was the plan of this American expedition,
so far as the £tudy of architecture was concerned,
fir£t to visit all the sites reached by M. de Vogue,
to verify the measurements of monuments al¬
ready published and to take photographs of all
such monuments; second, to £tudy the unpub¬
lished monuments at the same sites for publica¬
tion; and third, to extend the search for ruins in¬
to unexplored territory and to determine, as far

C 13 ]

as possible, the geographical limits of the region
that produced the particular styles of architec¬
ture known to exiCl in this seCtion.

This plan was quite thoroughly carried out
in Northern Central Syria:

All the sites visited by de Vogue were reached,
published and unpublished monuments were mea¬
sured and photographed, and search in unex¬
plored territory was rewarded by the discovery
of many sites with important architectural re¬
mains. Several unpublished monuments were
found in places known to explorers and a strik¬
ingly large number of buildings was found with
dated inscriptions from the firCt century b.c. to
the beginning of the seventh century a.d.

The result was that the expedition was able
not only to corroborate the general conclusions
of de Vogue but also to correCl them in many
instances, while adding largely to his epi-
graphical results and to scientific knowledge
of the architecture and vanished life of the
region.

But the Syrian Desert had not absorbed all
of Howard Butler’s attention. He had the
gift of being able to work easily, to pick up a
task where he had left it, and to carry it on
without any loss of momentum. Interrup¬
tions never seemed to check him. And so, amid
his multitudinous and harassing duties as
diredor of the Syrian expeditions, two acci-

C 14 3

dental summer visits to Scotland had been
utilized in studying the ruins of Scottish ab¬
beys, partly from purely architectural motives
and partly also for the pleasure of recreating
their historic and romantic Ctory. The mate¬
rials thus gathered became his volume, pub¬
lished in 1900, on “Scotland's Ruined Abbeys,”
of which the London Spectator remarked that
the author had struck “a happy medium be¬
tween Dry-as-DuCt and the late Mr.Ruskin,”
and for which the illustrations were his own
pen-and-ink sketches. Successive visits to
Greece and particularly a Stay at Athens, when
as a student in the American School at Rome
hehad enjoyed the hospitality of the American
School at Athens, gave him the material of his
popular volume “The Story of Athens” pub¬
lished in 1902, a volume which inevitably
suffers of course from the impossibility of com¬
pressing the history of the City of the Violet
Crown into five hundred pages. The sole pur¬
pose of the book was to give a simple unpre¬
tentious sketch of the life and art of Athens
from its beginning to the present, as recorded
in ancient literature and in the monuments
that time has spared. In this volume Mr.
Butler’s line drawings of Athenian monuments
are often quite remarkable. His talent with
pen and ink as well as his skill as a technical
draughtsman is plentifully shown in the illus-

C 15 3

trations of his books and in the plates of the
Reports of his expeditions.

In 1901 he was re-appointed Lecturer on
Architecture at Princeton and held this
position during the academic years 1901 -1902
to 1904-1905 inclusive, being then promoted
to a professorship of Art and Archaeology. He
retained this title until the end of the year
1918-1919 when the name of his chair was
changed to that of History of Architecture.

Four years after the return in 1900 of the
American Archaeological Expedition to Syria,
he organized a second, under the auspices of
Princeton University. This expedition had
a somewhat different aim from that of its
predecessor; it purposed to 3tudy important
sites and groups of less important sites more
in detail and to extend research into new
fields only in a few clearly defined localities.
And in the Spring of 1909 he headed a third
expedition to Syria to complete the work be¬
gun four years earlier but interrupted by bad
weather conditions and a shortage of food.
Although brief in duration this expedition
proved to be exceptionally successful. The
materials collected were chiefly epigraphical
and of very great importance. Several vol¬
umes of reports containing the results of
these expeditions have been published, re¬
ports in which other Princeton scholars also

[ 16 ]

have their important part, forming a monu¬
ment of American scholarship in the field of
Christian Archaeology; his own share in the
series will be indicated by the Bibliography
printed later in these pages. But it is well to
remember that it was his vision, his energy
and persuasiveness, his directing skill — or if
one prefers to sum it up in the word his former
students moSt frequently use in speaking of
him — his insistent and unflagging enthusiasm
that made these scholarly volumes possible.

Ill

A warm sympathizer with the plan of a resi¬
dential graduate college which had been dis¬
cussed in Princeton councils since 1896, he ac¬
cepted in 1905 the po£t of Master in Residence
at “Merwick,” the Graduate House opened
as an experiment on the lines of the proposed
college. He remained in office when the ex¬
periment became a permanent success and the
Graduate College itself was dedicated in 1913,
and he was Master until his death. It was at
this po£t that the influence of his personality
was greatest. To anyone who observed him
only casually and was unfamiliar with the
character of “the Master, ” as he was called, he
seemed to be living his own existence oblivious
to the fret of petty details, going to his ledlure
appointments on the campus and returning

C 17 ]

immediately to his tower rooms at the Gradu¬
ate College to pursue his own avocation. Un¬
questionably, he refused to allow himself to
be held down by minor administrative rules
(such for example as reporting names of ab¬
sentees from classes) although admittedly such
rules are indispensable to the proper discipline
of American undergraduates; he served on no
committees of the Faculty unless they had to
do with his own department (frequent ab¬
sences from Princeton would have made his
usefulness at be£t only intermittent) ; never¬
theless, himself an enormous worker, he was
capable of infinite pains, unsparing of himself
in the field of his larger responsibilities and
opportunity, and unceasing in his real interest
in the men about him. To criticize him as ob¬
livious, aloof, or cold, would be a judgment
than which it is difficult to find one more er¬
roneous.

The unpublished annals of “Merwick” con¬
tain valuable testimony to his methods:

Many a time have difficulties disappeared un¬
der his calm and sane attention. His advice, wise
and kindly, was sparingly given. To teach us to
solve our own problems, to sdand upon our own
feet, was his aim. And much as we profited by a
word fitly spoken, I think we learned an even
more valuable lesson from his example. He was
never hurried and never abrupt. He seemed to

C 18 3

create an atmosphere of scholarly leisure; yet
what a worker! He lectured twelve hours a week;
he corrected personally and painstakingly a mass
of notebooks; he superintended the whole run¬
ning of the house. Beside his formal duties, he
was drawing plates and ceaselessly working on
the publications springing from his archaeologi¬
cal researches. Not only was he publishing the
results of paSt work but he was finding funds and
making preparations of every sort for coming
trips to the Near EaSt. In addition to a scholarly
mind, he possessed great organizing ability and a
surprising power of doing two things at once. Often
have I seen him taking part in a general conver¬
sation while the architectural plate grew in
beauty and complexity beneath his calmly mov¬
ing fingers. He seemed to turn his attention en¬
tirely and instantly from one subject to another.

At the Graduate College, his duties required
constant daily exercise of executive ability
on a larger scale in the material administra¬
tion of the building, tact and firmness in the
organization and general guidance of the
domestic life of the place, and a Still wider
range of sympathies in the personal advice and
help he was always ready to give. ‘'I shall
never forget,” says a foreign Student who re¬
sided at the College at two separate periods,
“I shall never forget how, in spite of the vaSt
amount of work he did, he never was too busy
to help any of his Students, or fellow-workers,

[ 19 ]

as he always regarded us.” Seeming to have
but few intimate friends, he was on the other
hand a constant and genuine friend not only
to successive groups of students, graduate
and undergraduate, in his own department, but
to all who during the paSt decade have been
residents of the Graduate College. His doors
were open in the evening to any who sought
his counsel or merely dropped in for a chat.
This genuine unobtrusive friendliness was
not limited to the scholars in the community
on the hill; the Greek serving-men there
loved him; he personally supervised the edu¬
cation of one or two promising boys from
Greece; frequently he was to be seen pausing
on Nassau Street in Princeton to chat with
townspeople on a footing of familiarity that
one associates with a wayside village on the
New York-Albany PoStroad; undergraduates,
juSt beginning to find themselves, discovered
in him an adviser to whom they could bring
their questions without reserve.

One of his former students speaks of his ex¬
ceptional quality of sensitive understanding
of the Student’s point of view, the grasp he had
of each individual’s attitude of mind; he al¬
ways evinced a ready sympathy for their dif¬
ficulties, and would gradually set forth their
path by feeling out their own logic for them,
tempering it all with what his conscience and

[ 20 ]

his experience told him was the truth. Few
realized until afterwards, if ever, what his
service had really been.

As his courses grew in popularity,” continues
this writer, “more and more men took them with
the expedition that they would prove less exad-
ing than others. Such men began by being amused
at his humour, then became intereded by his
pidures of by-gone times, and ended by being
enthralled by his personality, and converts to a
love of the Fine Arts. Whatever may have been
their fird impression his dudents came unfail¬
ingly to admire his scholarship and to realize
that in him a love of the Fine Arts was without
any suspicion of ‘pose/ The adonishing success
he had as a teacher, the keen and enduring ap¬
preciation he evoked for the beauties of archi-
tedure, were due as much to the unaffeded gen¬
uineness of his own personality, as to the enthu¬
siasm he himself possessed and which he inspired
in others.

It is true, as another of his dudents has
written with regard to Mr. Butler’s qualities
as a teacher, that he was no taskmader; no
one who loved him can be so blind as not to
have seen that he was lenient.

He did not seem to exped his dudents to do
long readings, to write voluminous reports, or to
clear up the field of each topic with religious
completeness. The exading research of scholar¬
ship he had probably found irksome himself and

[ 21 n

so did not require it of his students. His own broad
and detailed knowledge of architecture had been
gathered from the very monuments, and his mem¬
ory was such that he could revive with photo¬
graphic accuracy almost every architectural ele¬
ment that he had ever seen or touched. Hence
his own mind served him as a firSt-hand refer¬
ence library and he was not insistent upon the
importance of second-hand reference work in the
bibliography of architecture. Always and especial¬
ly he was a Student of men, and his interest in
architecture was in its human actuality rather
than in its unhuman science. So that he probably
found books of pedantic scholarship dull and life¬
less save as they threw some light upon the real
problems of excavation and restoration; and in
these he was boyishly enthusiastic and scrupu¬
lously exaCt.

But when one comes to the things he gave,
both to those who Studied under him and to
those who juSl came to be with him, analysis is
baffling. While he never seemed to insist that
men should work, and at times seemed to con¬
nive with them in scholastic indulgence, he fired
everyone about him with an enthusiasm for archi¬
tecture. And enthusiasm is the firSt Step towards
work. The way this power of his to kindle a
flame of vital interest aCted upon so many and
such different types of men Still passes our un¬
derstanding. It was magic. Perhaps it was not
architecture at all but his own superb enthusiasm
that swept away all barriers, save those of love
and respeCt, between him and his young friends

C 22 ]

and simply made men interested in what he en¬
joyed. This however can not be the secret, as he
was ever more interested in the individual than
in anything of his own. That interest in others
was the power which drew men to him, made
them unburden themselves and seek his advice.
It was simply that young men came to love him
with a devotion which made them want what he
wanted. Certainly his power of putting the Stu¬
dent at his ease, freeing his mind of self-con¬
scious inhibitions, had something to do with his
power of awaking an interest in architecture. It
was Strange how he could help men to discover
their own minds.”

“Another faCtor that worked upon his Stu¬
dents was the clarity of both his memory and
his power of description. From the Storehouse of
his experience he could rebuild pictures in words,
add graphic particulars to the slightest detail,
and make his subjeCt a fascinating game. I think
we all came at one time or another to look upon
him as an ideal; many went so far as to affeCt his
calm and manner; all of us dreamed of Storing
our minds with the vaSt amount of material that
seemed to flow so freely from his.”

Readers of these pages will have caught the
recurring reference to Howard Butler’s man¬
ner; it is found even in the recollection of him
as a boy. It was as much a part of his elusive
character as his immaculateness amid the dust
and heat of excavation labor, or his insistence,

[ 23 d

when in the field, on having afternoon tea
served as regularly as if he were in a well-
appointed club instead of a tent in the Syrian
Desert. It was not that he demanded luxury
— far from it, for he had not been so brought
up and moreover he carried responsibilities
that forbade luxurious self-indulgence. It was
rather that his philosophy of life insisted that
the surest method of overcoming discomfort
and the vexatious was to ignore them good-
naturedly, certainly to minimize them, render
them unimportant, and meanwhile to make
all that one might of the little graces and ame¬
liorations of existence. This was the secret of
his imperturbability. And his outward conces¬
sions to personal well-being never hindered
him in his tasks; his field-notes and diaries
were always up to date, his manuscript always
the firSt to be ready for the printer. He carried
with him wherever he might be an atmos¬
phere of serenity and graciousness, not an ex¬
ternal finish, superficial and assumed, or ac¬
quired through years of polite living; but, to
continue these words of one who knew him
long and well, “an inner poise, a free and love¬
ly attitude of spirit toward all outward things,
so that at once life became simpler, finer, and
living itself a fine art.” His presence in a room
seemed immediately to lift its tone; never was
he rough-voiced, never bitter nor petty, never

E 24 3

in ugly mood, never even bearing himself with
depressing carriage, but creating always a
buoyant sense of tine beauty in life.

“With this went the stronger quality of justice,
the quality of seeing with another’s eyes; instinc¬
tively one felt that no personal consideration, no
narrow outlook, hampered his justness. He went
Straight to the heart of any trouble, eliminating
unessentials and illuminating the point so simply
that doubts vanished and decision became easy.
I believe this quality came both from his sympa¬
thetic understanding of people and his clear think¬
ing. His mind worked like a fine machine, precise,
accurate.”

Of his rare physical courage plenty of evi¬
dence is to be found in his Eastern experiences;
his gentleness was not the gentleness of timid¬
ity but that of self-reliant strength that knows
not fear. One quotation from his unpublished
narrative of an encounter with the Bedawin
during the Princeton Expedition of 1909, will
suffice as an illustration :

“ . . . We had scarcely time to realize where we
were before a band of twenty spearmen, well
mounted, Started in our direction at full gallop
with the unmistakable war-cry of the Bedawin.
These had scarcely left the tents when a second
band, armed with rifles, dashed after their fel¬
lows. I realized at once the danger of our posi¬
tion. My four companions were in Syria for the
firSt time, their experience with Arabs was hard-

C 25 3

ly a week old, they knew not a word of Arabic.
There was no time to think, no chance to ex¬
plain. Leaving them grouped about our drago¬
man, I rode direblly toward the advancing horse¬
men coming on at full speed with spears set. I
yelled at the top of my voice: ‘Your guests are
unarmed!’ waving my arms to show that I was
unarmed, as I always was among the Arabs. To
my astonishment the appeal seemed to make no
impression; the Arabs continued their charge,
and for a moment I began to lose faith in Arab
cuStom. But juSt as their spears seemed to reach
my horse’s nose, the band parted and in a second
one group had surrounded me while the other
made a ring around my party. Then pandemo¬
nium was let loose. They dismounted, holding faSt
our horses, though not a hand was laid upon one
of us foreigners. They pulled the soldier [a guard]
from his horse, took his rifle, and began to Strip
his cartridges from him. In the Babel of sound I
could make out ‘Who are you ? What are you do¬
ing here?’ Then as the shouts and excitement in¬
creased and our situation seemed at its worSt, I
saw a tall spare figure all in white mounted on a
beautiful Arab horse, easily cantering up toward
us, his mantle floating out behind him.”

The newcomer was the great Shekh of the
Anizeh and explanations proved that the ex¬
plorers had been mistaken for hostile raiders.

Thorough acquaintance with the EaStern
mind and with the etiquette of the Desert,
exquisite tadl and unerring judgment, to-

[ 26 ]

gether with those other qualities of heart and
spirit that gave him his hold on men of his
own race, placed Mr. Butler on immediate
good terms with Arab, Druse, Greek or Turk.
In a delightful series of unpublished ‘‘Sketches
of the Druses,” he describes how Hassan, the
Shekh of Tarba, became convinced that he
mu St send his two young sons to America to
be educated under Mr. Butler’s care; how he
was called father and brother by warlike chiefs
because he had used his good offices with the
Governor of Damascus on their behalf; and
how he was formally desired to request the
Sultan, Abdul Hamid, to appoint him gover¬
nor of the Druses.

But if he made this impression on half-wild
dwellers of the wilderness, he was no less
genuinely admired and trusted in the highest
circles of the Ottoman Empire. The simple
Druses were amazed to learn that he had
talked face to face with the Sultan and had
even smoked a cigarette with His Imperial
Majesty . One of his warmest and moSt in¬
fluential friends in the EaSt was Halil Edhem
Bey, the distinguished Director of the Imperi¬
al Ottoman Museum at Constantinople, and
the formal message which the latter sent, on
Mr. Butler’s death, to the President of Prince¬
ton University, made no attempt to hide the
note of personal loss. This even more plainly

[ 27 ]

permeates a private letter written by him to
one of Butler’s colleagues, by whose permis¬
sion it is quoted:

Rentre ici apres un long sejour en Suisse a
cause de ma sante, quelle ne fut ma douleur
d’apprendre le deces inattendu de Mons. Butler.
J’ai dejafait parvenir, par l’entremise de Mons.
I’ amiral Bristol, 1’expression de ma profonde con-
doleance a l’Universite de Princeton. Permettez-
moi de vous dire aussi combien j’ai ete afflige de
cette perte immense et irreparable aussi bien pour
la science que pour ses amis. Depuis de longues
annees que j’avais le bonheur d’etre en relations
avec lui, j’ai pu toujours conSlater sa droiture et
son caraSlere fin et delicieux. Ma triStesse s’eSl
augmentee de ce fait qu’il avait dit en quittant
Constantinople qu’il irait me voir en Suisse. Et
je l’attendais longuement, helas, en vain. Mon¬
sieur Butler s’eSt erige lui-meme un monument
par ses importantes publications et par les fouilles
de Sardes. J’aime a esperer que ces travaux
seront repris par des collaborateurs diStingues
comme vous.

Je vous serais bien reconnaissant, si vous vou-
driez bien presenter a l’honorable famille de
notre regrette ami mes plus profonds sentiments
de sympathie.

IV

Mr. Butler’s Slay in America, after the laSt
Princeton expedition to Syria came home, was
deSlined to be short, for his moSl ambitious

C 28 ]

dream was now shaping itself — the miracle
which was to transform a barley-field into the
site of a splendid building and to recover the
art and life and romance of an ancient royal
city in Asia Minor. This was the excavation of
Sardis. The antiquity of the site, its impor¬
tance in history, and its geographical position
made it appear almost certain that Sardis
held the key to many different historical and
archaeological problems. These words of his
own express the purpose controlling his for¬
mation of the American Society for the Ex¬
cavation of Sardis. Backed by the generous
support of the Society and the cordial co-op¬
eration of the Turkish authorities, — it was at
the suggestion of Hamdi Bey, then Director
of the Imperial Ottoman Museum, that he
had applied for permission to excavate Sardis
— he assembled his Staff, bought his equip¬
ment, hired his laborers, and in March 1910
began adtual work at the ancient Lydian capi¬
tal.

At the close of his firSt campaign at this
spot, his archaeological work, which had long
since attracted attention, now received dis¬
tinguished recognition. In the Autumn of 1910
he was awarded the Lucy Wharton Drexel
Medal “for his researches in Syria and his pub¬
lications thereon, and for his recent excava¬
tions at Sardes.” So runs the language of the

C 29 ]

award which, it may be recalled is made “for
the beSt archaeological excavation, or for the
beSt publication based on archaeological ex¬
cavation, by an English speaking scholar with¬
in the previous five years.”

The promise of the firSt campaign at Sardis
was brilliantly fulfilled. Writing in Scribner s
Magazine in 19 14, after four campaigns but
only eighteen months of adtual working-time,
he summed up in these words the progress
made:

“A sloping barley-field, with two columns and
a heap of fallen column-drums clustering about
them, has been converted into a vaSt pit over
six hundred feet long and four hundred feet wide,
twelve feet deep at one end and fifty feet deep at
the other, with four lines of railway on either side
running on four different levels and spreading out
towards the weSt, over the great flat brown dump
which now almoSt fills the broad river-bed at this
point. In the midSt of the excavation Stands the
Temple, its every outline at the far end marked
out by marble foundations againSt the brown
earth, its middle sedtion outlined by walls Stand¬
ing at a height of six feet or more, and its eaSt
end rising majestically in highly finished walls fif¬
teen to twenty feet high, and thirteen huge col¬
umns Still preserving twenty-five to thirty feet of
their original height, in addition to the two origi¬
nal columns which tower almoSt sixty feet above
the platform.”

C 30 ]

Such was Still the general appearance of the
excavation when he re-visited it in the Spring
of 1922. The introductory volume of the long
series planned to cover the variety of materi¬
als brought back to light came from Mr. But¬
ler’s pen and was published in the Summer of
1922. Even to the layman in archaeology it is
a fascinating narrative, full of human sym¬
pathy and dramatic detail. Happily, Mr. But¬
ler’s second volume on Sardis, that on the
great Temple of Artemis, is ready to appear.
Architecturally, the Temple is thus far the
chief single result of the excavation; but the
little buried Christian church unearthed in
1912 — successor of “the Church in Sardis” of
which St. John wrote — grips one’s imagina¬
tion perhaps more than the glorious struc¬
ture overshadowing it. The moSt important
discovery from a scientific point of view, in
addition to the large collection of Lydian
texts, is obviously that of the Lydian-Arama-
ic bilingual key, dating from the fourth or
fifth century before Christ and making pos¬
sible the initial Steps toward deciphering the
“new old” Lydian language. As for the other
finds — the many tombs and inscriptions, the
pottery, the vessels of bronze and silver, ala¬
baster and glass, the jewelry of gold and
precious Stones, the necklaces and rings and
other personal ornaments — they connote the

C 31 3

joys, the loves and aspirations, and also the
tragedies, of human beings more than twenty
centuries ago. But the work at Sardis was
stopped by the European War and during the
eight years that followed 19 14 the director
devoted himself to duties closer at home.

V

In April 1916 the Princeton Architectural As¬
sociation was organized by a group of thirty-
eight Princeton graduates, chiefly architects,
who were all formerly students in the Depart¬
ment of Art and Archaeology and who with
but two exceptions had received their prelimi¬
nary training under Mr. Butler. In view of the
great increase of undergraduate interest in the
Study of architecture, this Association memo¬
rialized the Board of Trustees of Princeton
University on the feasibility of establishing a
school of Architecture at Princeton, not as an
outgrowth of an engineering or technical de¬
partment, as was the case with moSt of the ex¬
isting American schools of architecture, but
as a development out of the Department of
Art and Archaeology. Already the instruction
in the Department was saving for three to five
men annually one to two years in the profes¬
sional schools. Mr. Butler was asked by the
Board to draw up a Statement of the feasibility

C 32 ]

of such a development. His conclusions were
set forth in a carefully prepared report pre¬
sented to the Board in October 1916. The pro¬
posal of such a school at Princeton was not new ;
fifteen years earlier it had been discussed, and
after consultation with several distinguished
American architects, notably the late Charles
F. McKim, Mr. Butler had drawn up a State¬
ment of the plan he had in mind of teaching
architecture rather as a Fine Art than solely
as a technical profession. “This means,” said
he, “that Students in architecture shall, in
their undergraduate days, be members of the
Department of Art and shall Study the his¬
tory and appreciation of sculpture and paint¬
ing as well as the purely architectural sub¬
jects,” and the undergraduate course was to
be followed by at leaSt two years of graduate
Study. Mr. Butler took the opportunity at
this time to set forth a Still broader concep¬
tion — the future development of a College of
Fine Arts at Princeton, a group of schools in
which not only Architecture but Sculpture
and Painting might be taught, all to be based
on the humanistic liberal Studies as their es¬
sential background and foundation.

A special committee was appointed to con¬
sider his primary recommendation as to a
School of Architecture, and in 1917 a site was
designated and part of the necessary funds

[ 33 3

for additional equipment and Staff was pro¬
cured. Progress was delayed on account of
the war; but in 1920 the School was at length
organized with Mr. Butler as Director, the
Staff increased, and the plans for an addition
to the Museum of Historic Art being approved,
in 1921 the erection of McCormick Hall, de¬
signed particularly for the new School and
owing its material existence principally to
the generosity of the McCormick family, was
begun. Its endowment was the gift of the
Class of 1895 Princeton University. The
building was occupied in the Autumn of 1922.

During the European War Mr. Butler’s
first-hand knowledge of the EaSt enabled him
to render service both to the British War
Office and to the United States’ “Commission
of Inquiry.” In the “Inquiry’s” preparation of
material for the Peace Conference, work upon
Turkish problems was centered at Princeton,
and here his familiaritv with conditions in the

J

Turkish Empire and especially his intimate
knowledge of the Arab sector were of great
assistance. Those with whom he worked have
commented upon his admirable political judg¬
ment and on the fine quality of kindliness and
understanding that marked his convi(ffions.
The help he gave to the British War Office is
beSt described in his own words in an article
which appeared in the June 1922 number of

C 34 3

the News Letter of the Princeton Engineering
Association. It was evident, he says, that
the fascicules published up to 19 14 by the
American and Princeton Expeditions to Syria
had not contained all the maps contemplated
by the expeditions.

“Early in the war,” he continues, “a letter
came to me from a Professor in Oxford [D. C.
Hogarth] who was well acquainted with our work
in Syria, asking if I were too neutral in thought
to supply the British War Office with notes and
tracings of the maps of Syria which we had not
yet published. My reply brought a formal re¬
quest from the War Office for the use of this ma¬
terial. I had already begun to prepare tracings of
some of the maps drawn by Edward R. Stoever,
who had been making maps for our publications
from F. A. Norris’s notes [both Princeton en¬
gineers], and in addition to draw other maps
from the great mass of surveyor’s notes made by
both Garrett [also a Princeton engineer] and Nor¬
ris, which had never been reduced to drawings.
To the ordinary surveys and route maps I added
from my own notes and those of the others all
sorts of information about the country, the
tribes, the wells, the fertile places, the ancient
roads, etc. In a few weeks the maps were finished
and shipped to Egypt, and I learned later, from
the General Staff, that our maps were the only
ones that General Allenby had, for several sec¬
tions of the journey made by his troops on the
ea£t of Jordan.”

C 35 3

Mr. Butler belonged to several learned so¬
cieties— the Archaeological Institute ofAmer-
ica, the American Institute of Architects, the
Architectural League, the American Oriental
Society, the Society for the Promotion of Hel¬
lenic Studies, the Society for the Promotion
of Roman Studies, the Oriental Club of Phila¬
delphia, the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences; and he was a Trustee of the Amer¬
ican Schools of Oriental Research. He was
particularly active in the Archaeological In¬
stitute. He had been president of the New
Jersey Society of the Institute and a member
of the Council, besides being placed on several
committees. At the meetingofthe Institute in
December 1920 he was appointed chairman of
the committee to reorganize the American
Journal of Archaeology, and a year later was
appointed one of three members of the Insti¬
tute to form a Research Commission (its mem¬
bership was later increased to seven) to pre¬
pare a general plan for all projects of explora¬
tion, excavation, and publication in all fields
of archaeology, to be undertaken by America;
and he was unanimously elected chairman of
the Commission. The Institute spread upon its
minutes of December 1922 the tribute to his
memory quoted on a later page. Similar ac¬
tion was taken by the Oriental Club of Phila¬
delphia.

C 36 3

VI

Careful inquiry during the Winter of 1921
had indicated that operations at Sardis might
be resumed, and early in the Spring of 1922
members of the excavation Staff went out to
take up the work, Mr. Butler himself arriv¬
ing in the middle of May. His Class of 1892
at Princeton had been assuming paternal, if
jocular, oversight of his work in the EaSt, and
for several years he had been required to
report at Class reunions and dinners on the
progress of his labor — to what end was he
directing excavations, men asked, save to the
greater glory of the Class ? These demands he
used to meet with constant good humor, fully
entering into their spirit; and, illustrating his
talks with photographs and other material,
never failed to capture his audience. Obedient
to the familiar call he wrote on May 22, from
Sardis, a characteristically modeSt letter for
the Class, to be read at the Thirtieth Reunion
in June. From this letter the passages that
follow are taken:

“You can’t imagine my sensations on revisit¬
ing the old dig after eight years’ absence. The
hole in the ground with the Temple in the middle
of it has changed little, except that the raw earth
is now grass-grown, paSture for sheep and goats.
MoSt of the important objects in the excavation
were untouched. But our house which was a com-

1 37 ]

plete wreck is dill only a faint semblance of its
former self. Our big dining-room has a huge tent
fly where the roof used to be, and we use ladders
instead of flairs; for Kemal and his men had gut¬
ted the house of every dick of wood. Neverthe¬
less we are quite comfortable, and our native
cook is a chef of no mean order. The wine too is
of very excellent quality, so that I find life very
much more cheerful than in the arid deserts of
the U. S. A. — and this country has a reputation
for being a desert!

“Mod of the work this year has been and will
be devoted to getting things into shape again,
securing the excavation from further filling up
and protecting what is left . . . Little excavation
has been carried on this season; but one small dig
yielded a little pot containing thirty gold daters
of Croesus, all in perfeCt condition.

“Yesterday being Sunday and there being no
chapel, we took a long walk darting out at 6 a.m.
and getting back at 6 p.m. We had shots at three
wild boars — one of them as large as a small cow
— but missed them all. The weather is wonder¬
fully fine; today has been almod too cool, and I
am sitting inside by a hot lamp wearing a sweater
and a thick coat. I think I shall spend about
three weeks more on this job and then take a lit¬
tle jaunt in Greece and Italy.

“If you receive this in time perhaps you will
read or show parts of it to the Class during the
Reunion. In any event I hope you will tell the
fellows how deeply I regret being away from
Princeton at this time. Those of them who have

[ 38 3

families will perhaps be able to imagine how they
would feel if they had not seen one of their chil¬
dren in eight years. Syria and Sardis are my two
children. The opportunity came to see Sardis and
I could not resist even if I had to miss our great
gathering in Princeton. Give my love to all the
Class and to all friends in the Burgh. I shall
drink the toaSt on the appointed day.”

He left Sardis for the “little jaunt” as he had
planned, going by way of Smyrna and Con¬
stantinople, where he wrote a letter to his
mother on her birthday, and after revisiting
Athens finally with two of his colleagues ar¬
rived at Taormina in July. Here on the3iSthe
was taken with some form of inteStinal fever
which left him greatly weakened. Seven days
later he was able to travel, and the party
motored across the island to Palermo, Mr.
Butler glad to be again en route, and intend¬
ing to boat to Naples, where they arrived on
the 9th of AuguSl. He left on the 10th for
Paris to keep an engagement with his pub¬
lisher. During his illness he adted with his
cuStomary cheerfulness, minimizing discom¬
forts, and repeating that he was not ill but
merely weak. He reached Paris much exhaust¬
ed on Friday evening, the nth, and was
taken to a hotel. His friends in Paris did not
know of his arrival. Saturday he reSted, but
insisted that reservations be engaged on the

C 39 1

boat-train for London the next afternoon, ex¬
pelling to sail for home from England on the
19th. His condition becoming visibly worse
even to the strangers among whom he found
himself, he was carried to the American Hos¬
pital at Neuilly on Sunday afternoon, August
13. He died that evening.1 His body was
brought back to America and was buried at
Croton Falls on September 6, from the little
Presbyterian church which he had designed.
The old minister who conducted the service
of his burial was the one who had baptized
him as a child.

There is something profoundly touching in
his joy at seeing Sardis again after eight
years — and then to die so tragically. He had
been granted more indeed than a glimpse of
his promised land and had probably formed
a rather definite estimate of the secrets it £till
has to reveal. His published work and un¬
published manuscripts on the archaeology of
the Syrian Desert and his two great volumes
on distant Sardis and her Temple will remain
his witness to a wondering that was richly
answered; but the completion not only of this
que£l but also of his mo£l cherished dream of
some day excavating at Palmyra will be left
to others. On a Christian tomb in Northern

*It was my sad duty to identify his body the next day,
August 14, 1922, — V. L. C.

[ 40 ]

Syria, discovered by his fir& expedition, is a
Greek inscription cut some fourteen centuries
ago, whose phrases might have been propheti¬
cally his own: “I sojourned well; I journeyed
well; and well I lie at re£t. Pray for me.”1

Publications of an American Archaeological Expedition to
Syria, 1899-1900. Part III, Greek and Latin Inscriptions,
edited by W. K. Prentice, No. 265. €7 T7]dr]iJi7]a a K aXcbs,
rj\0a kcl\cqs, nai Kiixe /caXws. Eu^t/t cuvTreprjfjLOV.

1 41 3

IfM

THE MEMORIAL SERVICE

ON the afternoon ofOctober 1 1 , at the Grad¬
uate College, in the noble Procter Hall
where his Latin Grace before Meat had become
traditional, and amid surroundings moSt per¬
vaded by his spirit and influence, a Service
was held in his memory. On the dais under
the great Memorial Window were President

y

Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn, President
of the American Museum of Natural History
and lately Acting Chairman of the American
Society for the Excavation of Sardis, Dr. Ed¬
ward Robinson, Director of the Metropolitan
Museum of Art, Dr. Henry van Dyke, Mur¬
ray Professor of English Literature in Prince¬
ton University, the Right Reverend Paul
Matthews, Bishop of New Jersey, the Rev¬
erend William Leroy Mudge of the Class of
1892, Colonel William Cooper Procter, Trus¬
tee of Princeton University and Chairman of
the Trustees’ Committee on the Graduate
School, Ex-Minister John W. Garrett (an inti¬
mate friend and college-mate of Mr. Butler),
Mr. Thomas Hastings, President of the So¬
ciety of Beaux Arts Architects and member
of the Advisory Board of Architects in the

[ 43 3

Princeton School of Architecture, Professor
Allan Marquand, Chairman of the Depart¬
ment of Art and Archaeology, Princeton Uni¬
versity, Captain Robert B. O’Connor, the
firSt graduate of the School of Architecture,
and Professor Andrew F. WeSt, Dean of the
Graduate School. The High Table was decora¬
ted with chrysanthemums and autumn leaves,
and a great log was blazing in the huge re¬
cessed fireplace. The flowers, the play of the
firelight, the brilliant academic costumes, and
the glory of the Window struck a note rather
of triumph than of sadness. The Programme
contained a reproduction of the laSt photo¬
graph of Mr. Butler (used also as the frontis¬
piece of this book) and under the portrait
were these sentences: “Sardis, wealthiest city
in Asia after Babylon” (from Xenophon’s Cyro-
pedia)) “What think you of royal Sardis, home
of Croesus? And what of Smyrna?” (from Hor¬
ace’s Epi files), and laSt of all the words of St.
John the Divine: “And unto the angel of the
church in Sardis write: They shall walk with
me in white; for they are worthy. And unto
the angel of the church in Smyrna write: Be
thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee
a crown of life.”

After the Organ Prelude — the Air from
Bach’s “Suite in D” — played by Dr. Alexan¬
der Russell on the Organ and Mr. Francis W.

C 44 3

Roudebush on the violin, the Reverend Mr.
Mudge read the Scripture Lesson from the
twelfth and thirteenth chapters of the Fir£t
Epistle to the Corinthians, and then offered
this Prayer:

“Eternal God, ever living, life giving, we give
Thee thanks for the pure and noble life of
our dearly loved friend who has gone from
us to abide in fulness of joy forevermore.
We pray that his gifts and graces may
dwell as an influence in this place to make
us better men, more worthy of our high
calling.

“And as we linger yet a moment to speak with
our Father, hear us, not in weak words of
our own choosing, but in the words of
eternal peace taught by our Elder Brother,
our adorable Lord and Saviour:

“ ‘Our Father who art in Heaven, hallowed be
Thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will
be done on earth as it is in Heaven. Give
us this day our daily bread. And forgive
us our trespasses as we forgive those that
trespass against us. And lead us not into
tempation; but deliver us from evil. For
Thine is the kingdom, the power, and the
glory, for ever and ever. Amen.’ ”

c 45 :

'

■

*

President Hibben then spoke:

PRESIDENT HIBBEN

WE meet today obeying an instinctive im¬
pulse common to all mankind — to honor
their beloved dead. We come with mingled
feelings of grief and yet of pride, bearing our
tributes of praise and affection for one who
has left us for a far country, whom even in our
thoughts we may not follow and whom we
cannot recall to his wonted place and labors
in the Princeton which he devotedly loved
and served. There are others, who will follow
me this afternoon, who will speak of Howard
Butler as the scholar and the explorer, and
of his life and influence here as hrSt Master
in Residence of our Graduate College. It is
fitting that I should dwell for a few moments
upon his great value to the University as a
teacher.

It does not always happen that one whose
daily thoughts are running in the fields of
observation and research should at the same
time be willing and able to give himself un¬
reservedly to the duties of teaching. Howard
Butler, however, was able to combine happily
the two functions of the scholar and of the
teacher. He had a genius for teaching. In all
his achievements in this sphere of his adtivi-

£ 47 3

ties he gave an illustration of the truth that
teaching is one of the Fine Arts. He gave him¬
self with his whole soul and spirit to the
Students, sparing neither time nor energy in
his zealous efforts to impart to them the
secrets of knowledge and inspiring them with
interest and enthusiasm for their work. He
awakened their minds, quickened their in¬
tellectual curiosity and imparted to them a
love of truth, so that life for them took on a
new meaning. Through his example and in¬
fluence they forgot the passing of time and
even all fatigue in their Studies. His was a
marvelous achievement, the very triumph of
teaching. Like the great maSters of old, who
looked upon the faces of their pupils and
founded the schools of the Academy and the
Lyceum, so Professor Butler conceived the
idea of a school which should have a perma¬
nent name and place in our academic life. A
small group of Students pursuing the Study
of architecture under Professor Butler marked
the beginning of the realization of his pur¬
pose. There soon followed the organization
of the School of Architecture, with Professor
Butler as its firSt Director. The enterprise
developed rapidly until one and a half years
ago the new McCormick Hall was begun and
will soon be finished as the permanent home
of the School.

C 48 ]

The founder and director of this great en¬
terprise has fallen in the mid£t of his labors
and at the moment of the full fruition of
his hope and expectations. The master mind
has been withdrawn from its activities; the
voice of counsel and of inspiration has been
Stilled. And yet if I could express his wish to¬
day, I am sure that he would have me say to
those whose lives have been informed by his
spirit and fashioned after his likeness that
they must carry on this work so auspiciously
begun, with unflagging zeal in the spirit of
his desire and in his name. As your master and
leader, one who wrapped himself wholly in
his work, devoting his great gifts and labors
fir£t of all to the upbuilding of the strength
and beauty of our Princeton life, he would
urge upon you to seek, with the enthusiasm
of his spirit and with a purpose made sacred
by his death, the realization of that end
toward which he had directed the course of
his life and of which, I believe, in his la£t
hours he was not unmindful.

[ 49 ]

Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn followed
President Hibben , speaking of Mr. Butler as
the Explorer.

PROFESSOR OSBORN

IN the Divine Comedy, Dante speaks ofUlys-
ses, of exploration of the we&ern seas and
lands, of braving dangers, of overcoming ob¬
stacles, of offering home, family, friends, life
itself, in the queSt of the great unknown, its
wonders, its beauties, its riches.

“O brothers!” I began, “who to the weSt
Through perils without number now have reach’d ;
To this the short remaining watch, that yet
Our senses have to wake, refuse not proof
Of the unpeopled world, following the track
Of Phoebus. Call to mind from whence ye sprang:
Ye were not form’d to live the lives of brutes,

But virtue to pursue and knowledge high.”1

For two thousand years our ancestors, thus
inspired, were facing the setting sun, until the
whole earth had been encircled by explorers.

Then, only a brief hundred years ago, the
indomitable human spirit turned eastward,
toward the rising sun, the Orient, toward the
buried treasures and paSt beauties of the very

1 Dante Alighieri, Inferno xxvi, 11. 1 12-120. Translated by
the Rev. H. F. Cary, a.m.

C P ]

peoples and civilizations which had been press¬
ing westward from the dawn of history.

Led by Layard, Schliemann, Evans, and a
hoSt of others, and chiefly inspired by de
Vogue, Howard Crosby Butler became a cru¬
sader in this eastward tide of exploration.

As a follower in his youthful Princeton days,
and in the broad and deep discipline of his
graduate years, he prepared himself.

A short seven years after graduation, name¬
ly in the year 1899, we find die deserts

of North Central Syria in full command. No
longer a follower, but a leader, imaginative,
determined, successful, soon becoming dis¬
tinguished. No one of us who knew the gentle
and almost too gentlemanly student of art
and the classics under Marquand and Froth-
ingham would have divined his latent powers
to command Orientals, whether Arabs, Be¬
douins, or Turks. Suaviter in modo, fortiter in
re , he was firSt: trusted, then almost idolized
by his workmen.

It was the sterling integrity, as well as the
consummate skill, of the work in Syria (1899-
1909) which led to the highest distinction
ever offered to an American and Christian ex¬
plorer by a Mohammedan government, name¬
ly, the unsolicited invitation to enter and take
command of the excavation of Sardis. The
Turks knew they could truSt Butler; they

C 52 3

knew that he was absolutely honorable. The
difficulties of Sardis exploration had seemed
insurmountable to others; the great period of
civilization and culture of Asia Minor, ju£t
older than the Syrian and extending back to
the Lydian and beyond, was buried fathoms
deep. These deeply buried ruins were to be
entered under his brilliant leadership between
1910 and 1922. His was the secret of self-for¬
getfulness in a great cause. Butler never spoke
to us of himself, always of the workmen, of the
colleagues, of the students, of the mo£t be¬
loved Alma Mater. He was driven on, not by
ambition, but by love — love of his fellow men,
love of his profession, love of beauty and
truth.

His own genial and idealistic view of life
is reflected in the characters and personalities
which he brought to life, and now that he has
taken his place among the noble shades of the
long period of6ooB.c. to a.d. 600, the artisans,
the architects, the poets, the merchants, the
rulers, the governors, even the shade of the
supreme ruler, Croesus, will be grateful to him.
We hear them murmuring, “We have been
charged with a mere love of gain and of the
gold of PaCtolus. You have shown the world
that we loved beauty, that we kept our cove¬
nants, that we honored our deities. ” Still more
will the shades of ancient Syria, and the shades

C 53 ]

of honorable men and women of the early
Christian Church, from its very beginnings
beneath the shadows of the ruined pillars of
Sardis to the glorious temples of Syria, honor
and welcome him.

The span of Butler’s life as an Explorer was
only twenty- two years; his name and his in¬
fluence will endure as many centuries. So in
our bereavement we are consoled by his im¬
mortality.

“ . . . That which we are, we are:

One equal temper of heroic hearts,

Made weak by time and fate, but Strong in will

To Strive, to seek, to find and not to yield.” 1

lAlfred Tennyson. Ulysses. Last four lines.

c 54 :i

Professor Allan Marquand , in behalj of the
Faculty of the University , read the following
Minute adopted by that body:

PROFESSOR MARQUAND

THE Faculty of Princeton University
places on its record this Minute concern¬
ing the death of Professor Howard Crosby
Butler:

He started on what proved to be a very emi¬
nent career, relying solely on his own slender
means, his native abilities and the fine home
training given by his honored parents. It is the
tale of a gifted American boy overcoming dis¬
heartening difficulties by quiet effort and win¬
ning his way to well-earned international re¬
nown.

As an investigator in archaeology he form¬
ed and led three expeditions into the Syrian
Desert and two expeditions for excavating an¬
cient Sardis. His tad: and personal bravery
in dealing with turbulent conditions among
wild tribes and the many piduresque experi¬
ences he encountered invented his expeditions
with the charm of romance. The discoveries
made under his diredion, already published
or to be published, have disclosed and inter¬
preted for the modern world long-lod treas¬
ures of knowledge regarding the successive

C 55 3

Lydian, Greek, Syrian and Roman civiliza¬
tions. It was a fitting tribute to his leadership
that he was unanimously chosen a year ago
by the Archaeological Institute of America to
be the Chairman of its newly created Re¬
search Commission which is to draft a plan
for all enterprises of exploration, excavation
and publication to be undertaken by the
archaeologists of America for a generation
to come.

As a Professor of the History of Architec¬
ture he was unique in our land. More than
an able technician or professional expert, he
Stood almoSt alone in transcending his sub¬
ject and in revealing it againSt its broad and
deep historic background both as complete in
itself and as an organic part of human achieve¬
ment.

As a teacher he had a subtle inStindt for
divining and evoking the latent powers of
those he taught. His calmly patient counsels,
freely given and gladly taken, wakened his
Students individually and in groups to efforts
they had formerly thought impossible, and
finally created a living force Strong enough to
found our School of Architecture to carry out
the high purposes he had aroused in them.

As MaSter in Residence at “Merwick” and
then in the Graduate College he gave the laSt
seventeen years of his life to moulding inti-

[ 56 3

mately the minds and hearts of those who
dwelt with him there. His scholarly tone, his
poise of character, his spirituality, and his
personal grace exerted a pure and deep in¬
fluence on succeeding generations of students.
Those who were privileged to live in close
daily comradeship with him in the Graduate
College beSt know how ready and sympa¬
thetic was his interest, how penetrating and
stimulating his advice in all the problems
wherein men sought his guidance. He had
a genius for friendship, irresistibly drawing
young men about him and touching all by the
love of beauty, devotion to things of the
mind, and scorn of the trivial and base, which
in him united to form a shining pattern of
true learning and gentle living.

[ 57 3

Sil i.. mi . m. . . ail

Dr. Edward Robinson was the next speaker:

DR. ROBINSON

WHEN he was in his ninety-third year,
John Bigelow told me that, looking back
upon his long life, he could not recall a single
instance of a death in his circle of family and
friends in which he was not convinced that
the person, however young, had died at the
beSt time for his or her own welfare and happi¬
ness, no matter how great the grief of those
that were left, or how cruel they may have
thought the blow.

This attitude betokens a perfection of faith
which is not always easy to attain, yet if
we look into our own experience we may be
astonished to find how often it is justified,
whether by knowledge had at the time or
gained afterwards. How is it with the friend
whom we are gathered here to commemorate
today? It is hard to believe now that we shall
have this consolation in his case, but may we
not hope that time will bring it? Are there not
already some indications which point that
way?

He was, to be sure, cut down in the flower
of his manhood, when we might have looked
forward to many years of useful and valuable
work to come, yet already he had accomplished

[ 59 3

more than falls to the lot of many a man of
equal ambition in a much longer span of life.
In his chosen field of archaeological research
he had the privilege of knowing that he had
materially advanced the world’s knowledge.
His life was one of happy achievement. With a
baffling serenity he made his way through the
difficulties of enlisting support for his projects
as he did later through the unknown Syrian
desert and the mass of earth which buried
Sardis. Beneath that gentleness of voice and
manner which was so endearing yet so highly
deceptive to those who did not really know
him, were a will of £teel and an indomitable
disposition which made him oblivious of all
obstacles, however serious they appeared to
his advisers, and he vanquished them.

What would have been the effedl on such a
temperament if he could have known of the
disaster that was so soon to follow his la£t
visit to the scene of his highest hopes?

Fortunately for him and for us his work at
Sardis was neither lo£t nor waited. By a co¬
incidence which seems like an a6t of Provi¬
dence his book on the subje6t left the press
ju£t as his death was approaching; and in the
new wing of the Metropolitan Museum, now
about to be completed, it is our hope that
some of the treasures of art brought to light
through his excavations may be permanently

C 60 ]

installed in a separate room, to be known as
the “Sardis Gallery.” Such a gallery mu£t in¬
evitably become, as we intend that it shall,
an enduring monument to him.

C 61 ]

—

President Hibben then read this letter from Dr.
David G. Hogarth , Keeper of the Ashmolean
Museum , University of Oxford:

DR. HOGARTH

I SHOULD lay with equal pleasure and sor¬
row such a wreath as I may on Butler’s
grave. He was one of the moCI single-minded,
thorough going and courageous explorers that
I have known. His suavity in modo hardly
prepared one for the very Clout heart that
was in him and for the self-discipline to which
he could subjedt himself. I remember the
shock of surprise with which I heard in Aleppo
in 1908 how, on one occasion when he found
his messengers nervous of riding up from the
country eaCt of Hamah to fetch the cash nec¬
essary for his party, he excused them and
rode up himself with (I think) a single at¬
tendant and returned through a disturbed
and brigand-infected district with more than
enough money on his person to have attracted
all the thieves of Syria. He never required
anyone to do what he would not do himself,
and spared himself less than others.

Both the work he organized and did in
Syria and the publication of it are wholly
creditable to him and to American scholar¬
ship. He was thorough to the verge of meticu-

C 63 3

lousness; his faults, if any, being ever on the
right side! For his initiation, organization,
and conduft of the Sardis excavation all the
learned world is in his debt. So far as it has
gone, it is a model excavation, and the be£t of
all memorials to him would be its continu¬
ance and completion on the lines that he laid
down. But it will be difficult to find again in
one man his combination of determination,
diplomacy and driving power — and all three
will be tested to the full before so great a
work is carried through. That one should re¬
quire so much from his successor is, perhaps,
the measure of the tribute due to Butler.

Of his friendship to myself and his sym¬
pathy with us which he lo£t no time in de¬
claring seven years ago, I need not speak. He
placed his intimate knowledge of remote
parts of Syria at our service, but we were long
in penetrating to the points he had reached
and mapped. Had he lived, public recognition
of his services to his generation and to science
would not have been long in forthcoming
from this side. As it is we can only think of
what might have been.

C 64 3

Dr. Henry van Dyke , whose close friendship
Mr. Butler treasured , read these lines:

DR. VAN DYKE

HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER: EXPLORER AND TEACHER
Passed Onward, August 13, 1922

Who hath entered into the peace of wisdom;

And to whom hath the gladness of understanding
been revealed ?

A man whose eyes were cleared by love and
sorrow,

And whose feet forsook not the path of duty;

A man who travelled the world as one going a
journey,

Yet daily he found and shared good cheer by the
way.

To him it was given to serve both truth and
beauty,

And in his flesh he was obedient to the Spirit:

Therefore the passing forms of time did not
deceive him,

For his heart was fixed, trusting in the Eternal.

To him the ages paSt were a book of wondrous
knowledge,

And he applied himself diligently to learn their
secrets:

In the duSl of buried cities he discovered treasure,

And from graven atones, long forgotten, he read
the ^tory of man.

[ ]

The desert and the solitary place had no terror
for him,

Among the children of wild tribes he was welcome
and beloved;

For he was a good captain, following his Master,

And the greatness of his learning made him kind
to men.

Gentle was his speech, yet clear as crystal;

The lightness of his touch was a sign of strength.

In the companies of the young he was a wise and
pleasant comrade,

And to the councils of the elders he brought a
friendly joy;

For his way was not after the manners of the
heathen,

But his presence spoke of honor and good will.

In a far city he came to the end of his journey,

Alone but not afraid, for his Dearest Friend was
near.

So he entered the valley of the shadow without
trembling,

And when the dark gate opened it was a door of
gold.

Verily the work of his hands is established,

And the beauty of the Lord is upon it.

By the towers of Princeton we shall see him no
more,

But in a city that hath foundations

Whose builder and maker is God.

C 66 3

The next speaker was Captain Robert O’ Connor,
who delivered a memorial on behalj of present
and former Undents of the Graduate College:

CAPTAIN O’CONNOR

IN the death of Howard Crosby Butler the
students in the Graduate College have suf¬
fered a loss which we have come to feel with
increasing poignancy as time passes. An in¬
spiring scholar, who made us realize the
beauty andjoy of learning, as well as its value,
who never ceased to hold up before us all by
his own example and friendly counsel the
standard of absolute intellectual integrity; a
sure and forceful director, who showed us
that confident repose and suavity of manner
are true signs of certainty of purpose, he
Stood among us an example of learning, pro¬
found yet not narrow, a world authority in
his own field, with interest in all. Yet it was
to our friend that in our mot anxious mo¬
ments we carried our troubles, scholastic, so¬
cial or personal, sure of his unerring under¬
standing of his human nature, of his ready
sympathy, of advice judicious, unselfish, and
complete. Possessed of a fund of humour, he
was always ready to add to its Store and his
hearers were richer from his experience. To
share his friendship was a privilege we all cov-

[ 67 3

eted and prized. His death has robbed us of
our priceless possession. No longer do we climb
the Staircase to the Master’s rooms. The friend¬
ly light in the tower which seemed to burn for
us, is gone out.

The Memorial was signed by a Representative
Committee consisting of:

A. M. FRIEND, HARALD INGHOLT, CHARLES P.
JOHNSON, S. LAWRENCE LEVENGOOD, ROBERT B.
O CONNOR, W. FREDERICK STOHLMAN, LOUIS A.
TURNER, S.L. WRIGHT, JR., AND JOHN A. WYETH.

[ 68 ]

Presenting the lad speaker President Hibben
said:

“In our family group in Princeton the one
who £tood nearest to Howard Butler, who en¬
joyed the mo£t intimate relations with him
not only here in the Graduate College but in
the days of the beginnings of this great enter¬
prise and merit, is Dean We£t, and our service
this afternoon will be concluded by him.”

DEAN WEST

IT is nine years within one day since this
household of knowledge was dedicated
publicly, with ceremonies of dignity and
beauty, to the glory of God and the advance¬
ment of knowledge. Autumn feelings in any
year after a golden Summer are apt to be
tinged with some hues of sadness, and even
more is this the case today when we think of
the high spirit and purpose with which Pro¬
fessor Butler nine years ago entered upon the
life of this Graduate College. His presence,
his memory, his spirit pervade it, and I tru^l
will pervade it forever; for to him in large
part is due the controlling impulse which
guides its life.

The theory that the workman is greater
than his work, that it is a greater thing to be

[ 69 3

a man than it is to be a scholar and greater
than all to be both a man and a scholar; —
that was his high thought, the great example
of his life and of all that he was and did.

I cannot truSt myself to speak intimately
of all his associations with the Graduate Col¬
lege; for never have I known such unaffected
grief of the deepest sort on the part of students
for any teacher; and this is the tribute of trib¬
utes. His collected works are not only his pub¬
lications on the Syrian Desert and the an¬
cient royal city of Sardis, but this group of
devoted students who cherish and enshrine
his memory. He was a wonderful man in many
ways. As a teacher he had a sort of divination
which enabled him to perceive almost in an
inCtant the beCt in any man’s mind and to
quicken it to a degree the student himself had
believed almost impossible. He raised the ef¬
forts of many from the mediocre and com¬
monplace levels to the highest peak of achieve¬
ment. He literally saved men. I do not know
how he did it, but it was the art of divination,
the art of the miner who deteCls gold, the art
of the lover which intuitively finds the objeCt
of affeCtion.

As a professor of architecture he was a mas¬
ter in architecture. Other men have been mas¬
ters in architecture, great masters in that
Study,- — but he was more. He transcended

C 70 ]

his subject. He was much larger than his sub-
je6t. He saw it emerge from the vaSt histori¬
cal background as a part of human knowl¬
edge and Stand clearly in its place in the
panorama of civilized achievement.

As an explorer he had an inborn ability to
read the Oriental mind. He had candor com¬
bined with subtle skill, and though sensitive,
he was always calm. He did not know what
fear was. It was not mere confidence with him.
It was unconsciousness of fear. Difficulties
never discouraged him. There was a fine, Steel¬
like endurance beneath that gentle, friendly
exterior which deceived many persons at fir£t
sight and which enabled him to deal with sure
skill with the desert tribes, which took him to
cure the wounded chieftain, which ventured
safely on daring excursions, which took him
without weapons to quell disturbances among
Turks, Armenians, and Greeks. It was a won¬
derful power. He knew the Eastern mind, and
how he knew it is beyond me to say. It was a
gift of genius. If we were to ask for a motto
for his life, I think the saying of an old Italian
scholar would be moSt fitting. It was: “I go to
wake the dead.” Professor Butler did wake the
dead, — dead impulses in Students to newness
of life, dead cities of the Orient rising again
under his magical touch. It was the life in¬
spiring, the life arousing, the life elevating. It

[ 7i ]

was more ; it was a gentle self-effacing influence.
And with it all no thought of reference to him¬
self; never a word of praise for himself, always
praising others. He was one of those men, per¬
haps too rare, who are ever Strict with them¬
selves and ever charitable toward others. It
was the secret of his life. He was thoughtful
and practical, resolute and taCtful, delicate
and Strong, a marvelous combination of seem¬
ingly contradictory things. And above all, he
“wore the white flower of a blameless life.”

Of his life here at Princeton I cannot say
much now except to recall the winter eve¬
nings when he would steal over from the tower
to the house nearby and we would sit by the
bright fire and talk over the events of the
day here or of his days in Sardis, or in the
rocky Syrian Desert, or in the borders of
Arabia. Story after Story he painted, roman¬
tic, pictorial, alluring, — so that you wanted to
leave everything else and follow him to the
end of the world and waken the dead civili¬
zations to a new life.

And although he has gone, instead of a note
of sadness there is a note of comfort. He lived
a life of faith. He was a Christian man. And as
I muse on his life, ended here, I can think of
nothing in all classical literature which so close¬
ly approaches the Christian spirit and so truly
images our pureSt hopes about him as the

C 72 3

lovely line of Theocritus about the child asleep
in the cradle: “Ble£t be your slumber; more
ble& your waking in the morning.”

C 73 3

'These verses from the Hymn “For all the Saints,”
were sung:

For all the saints who from their labors re£t,

Who Thee by faith before the world confessed,
Thy name, O Jesus, be forever ble^t. Alleluia!

Thou wa^fc their rock, their fortress, and their
might;

Thou, Lord, their Captain, in the well-fought
fight;

Thou, in the darkness drear, their one true Light.

Alleluia!

O may Thy soldiers, faithful, true and bold,

Fight as the saints who nobly fought of old,

And win with them the vigor’s crown of gold.

Alleluia!

The golden evening brightens in the we£t;

Soon, soon to faithful warriors cometh re^t;

Sweet is the calm of Paradise the ble£t. Alleluia!

But lo, there breaks a yet more glorious day;

The saints triumphant rise in bright array;

The King of Glory passes on his way. Alleluia!

From earth’s wide bounds, from ocean’s farthest
coa£t,

Through gates of pearl streams in the countless
ho£t,

Singing to Father, Son, and Holy Gho£L Alleluia!

Amen.

[ 74 3

The Scriptural Benediction from the third chap¬
ter of the EpiCtle to the Ephesians was pro¬
nounced by Bishop Matthews :

BISHOP MATTHEWS

ALMIGHTY GOD, the Father ofourLord
Jesus Christ, of whom the whole family in
heaven and earth is named, grant you, accord¬
ing to the riches of His glory, to be strengthen¬
ed with might by His Spirit in the inner man;
that Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith;
that ye, being rooted and grounded in love,
may be able to comprehend with all saints
what is the breadth, and length, and depth, and
height; and to know the love of Christ, which
passeth knowledge, that ye may be filled with
all the fullness of God. Now unto Him that is
able to do exceeding abundantly above all that
we ask or think, according to the power that
worketh in us,untoHimbegloryin the church
by Christ Jesus throughout all ages, world
without end. Amen.

[ 75 3

THE Organ PoStlude,Bach’s“Blessed Sav¬
ior, We Attend,” which with the Prelude
was especially loved by Mr. Butler, was played
by Dr. Russell, the audience remaining stand¬
ing. The Academic Procession then filed out.

The ushers at the Service were resident mem¬
bers of the Graduate College who had been
particularly intimate with Professor Butler:
Messrs. Paul M. Cuncannon, Bateman Ed¬
wards, Thomas H. English, Albert M. Friend,
Howard S. Leach, S. Lawrence Levengood,
E. Ritzema Perry, Richard Stillwell, W. Fred¬
erick Stohlman, Louis A. Turner, and John A.
Wyeth.

C 76 3

IN PROCTER HALL

AFTER THE SERVICE IN MEMORY OF HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER
SYDNEY L. WRIGHT JR.

Honor the dead ! Can any word of ours
Add honor to his life ? The organ sang,

The bow passed gently over thrilling chords,

And scholars robed in honors earned, arose
To speak from hearts whose wisdom taught the
depth of loss.

Calmness and Strength! Learning and
Gentleness!

The life he led, Another taught before,

Who greets him now; while we, who mourn his
loss,

Have joy that we have felt the calm repose
That speaks a steadfast purpose and well ordered
mind.

Catching a gleam of beauty from the sun,

The pictured panes, resplendent, showed the
Christ

Amidst disciple lights, the Arts and Sciences,
Whose glowing figures seemed a solemn pledge:
“We, whom he truly served will, keep his
memory bright.”

And growing brilliance clothed the Hall with
gentle light.

[ 77 ]

MINUTE OF THE ORIENTAL CLUB
OF PHILADELPHIA

Adopted November 9, 1922

Just three months ago Howard Crosby But¬
ler, member of this club, arrived in Paris on his
way home from Sardis, alone, and weak with
malarial fever. Two days later he was removed
from his hotel to the American hospital at Neuil-
ly, where he died of heart disease on the 13th of
August. By his death, at fifty, in the prime of his
career, this Club has loSt a valued member,
Princeton University a remarkably able teacher,
lecturer, and scholar, and American architecture
and American archaeology one of their mod con¬
structive contributors.

The record of Mr. Butler’s life is a record of
consistent, and often brilliant, achievement. He
was born at Croton Falls, WeStcheSfer County,
New York, on the 7th of March, 1872. After
preparation at Lyon’s Collegiate Institute and
the Berkeley School in the city of New York, he
entered the sophomore class at Princeton, where
he graduated in 1892 with the degree of A.B.
His graduate Study included work at Princeton
University, where he received his A.M. degree
and was university fellow in archaeology; at the
School of Architecture in Columbia University,
where he was greatly influenced by Professor
Ware; at the American School of Classical Studies

[ 78 3

in Rome, where he held a fellowship; and at the
American School of Classical Studies in Athens.

Upon his return from Greece Mr. Butler was
appointed lecturer on architecture in Princeton
University; in 1905 he became professor of art
and archaeology; in 1919 his title was changed to
that of professor of the history of architecture; in
1920 he was made director of the School of Archi¬
tecture, for the organization of which he was
largely responsible. He was a member of the
Archaeological Institute of America, American
Institute of Architects, Architectural Ueague,
American Oriental Society, Society for the Pro¬
motion of Hellenic Studies, Society for the Pro¬
motion of Roman Studies, American Geograph¬
ical Society, American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, and the Oriental Club of Philadelphia.
He was particularly aCtive in the Archaeological
Institute, which he has served as president of the
New Jersey Society, as a member of the Council,
and on various committees. In 1921 he was
chosen as chairman of the Research Commission
to coordinate the activities of the Institute in the
work of exploration and excavation for many
years to come. In 1910 he was awarded the Drexel
Gold Medal for his archaeological achievements.

But Mr. Butler’s career was not spent entirely
within academic walls. His life was rich and full,
and included travel, exploration, and even ad¬
venture. His interest in Syrian archaeology had
early been aroused by the writings of his friend,
Comte Melchior de Vogue, and in 1899-1900 Mr.
Butler organized the American Archaeological

n 79 ]

Expedition to Syria, which added extensively to
the material gathered by the earlier explorer. In
1904-1905 and 1909 he returned to Syria as
director of the Princeton Expeditions. The re¬
sults of all these expeditions are contained, for
the modi part, in the Publications of the Ameri¬
can Archaeological Expedition to Syria, to which
Mr. Butler contributed part ii, ‘Architecture and
Other Arts,’ in the Publications of the Princeton
Expeditions to Syria, to which he contributed
division ii, ‘Architecture;’ and in numerous re¬
ports read before the Archaeological Institute
and published in the American Journal of Arch¬
aeology.

The successful organization and direction of
these expeditions required many and various
qualities. Mr. Butler raised the funds, selected his
associates, led them in person, and made his own
photographs, drawings and cadis. Those who
have accompanied him to the Eadl have been
much impressed by his skill in handling men and
by his personal courage. Professor Allan Mar-
quand tells of his braving the Bedouins of the
Syrian desert unsupported by the guards that
are usually considered necessary, and of an up¬
rising among the natives at Sardis, when all the
others ran to their quarters for guns or pidlols
and Mr. Butler, unassidled and armed only with
a bamboo cane, quelled the insurrection.

In 1910 Mr. Butler organized the American
Society for the Excavation of Sardis, and he has
directed the excavations that have so far been
made. The war put a dlop to the work between

[ 80 ]

1914 and 1922, but it was renewed laSt spring.
The publication of the results of these excava¬
tions will fill seventeen volumes and cover archi¬
tecture, sculpture, inscriptions, pottery, coins,
jewelry, etc. Mr. Butler’s firSt volume, giving an
account, under the title ‘Sardis,’ of the excava¬
tions between 1910 and 1914, has recently ap¬
peared, being vol. i, part i (1922) of the Publica¬
tions of the American Society for the Excavation
of Sardis. And the second volume, on the Temple
of Artemis, is, fortunately, in the stage of paged

In addition to those mentioned, the publica¬
tions of Mr. Butler include two semi-popular
works, ‘Scotland’s Ruined Abbeys’ (1900) and
the ‘Story of Athens’ (1902), both illustrated
with his own sketches. He has contributed fre¬
quent articles and reports to the American Jour¬
nal of Archaeology, Revue Archeologique, Amer¬
ican Architect, Architecture and Building, and
many other j ournals.

Mr. Butler was a man of inherited refinement
and of profoundly wide culture, well poised and
reserved, but always courteous, amiable, and
sympathetic. He will be mot missed at Prince¬
ton, where his personality was beSt known. He
touched so many phases of university life. As
Master in Residence at the Graduate College he
was the guide and inspiration of advanced stu¬
dents in all branches of humanistic study. As a
faculty adviser he was the helpful friend of many
undergraduates. He organized almoSt single-
handed the new School of Architecture, and se-

[ 81 ]

cured the funds for the fine building that is to
house it. He taught with brilliant success large
classes of students. His papers and addresses
were a constant stimulus to the intellectual life
of the institution.

On the 2iSt of October a service in memory of
Mr. Butler was held in Procter Hall of the Prince¬
ton Graduate College. Tributes were read by
President John Grier Hibben, Professor Henry
Fairfield Osborn, Dr. Edward Robinson, Profes¬
sor Allan Marquand, Dr. David G. Hogarth,
Professor Henry van Dyke, and Dean Andrew F.
VYeSt. These tributes will shortly be published in
book form, together with a memoir and a com¬
plete bibliography of Mr. Butler’s writings. Dr.
Robinson has announced that a room in the Met¬
ropolitan Museum will be set aside, to be known
as the Sardis room, in which some of Mr. Butler’s
discoveries will be placed, thus establishing a per¬
petual monument to his memory.

C 82 ]

MESSAGE OF HALIL EDHEM BEY

DIRECTOR OF THE IMPERIAL OTTOMAN

MUSEUM

UNITED STATES HIGH COMMISSION
American Embassy Constantinople

November io, 1922.

President John Grier Hibben,

Princeton University,

Princeton, New Jersey.

Sir:

The Director of the Imperial Museum at Con¬
stantinople, Halil Edhem Bey, has asked me to
convey to you, and through you to Princeton
University, his very deep sympathy at the loss
which has been sustained in the death of Profes¬
sor H. C. Butler. Halil Bey adds that not only is
this an irreparable loss from the point of view of
the science to which Professor Butler made so
many and such important contributions, but for
those who knew him and were associated with
him there is also a profound sense of personal
sorrow.

I am, Sir,

Your obedient servant,
Mark L. Bristol

UNITED STATES HIGH COMMISSIONER
REAR-ADMIRAL UNITED STATES NAVY

C 83 3

1

LINES IN MEMORY OF
HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER

EDWARD STEESE

We shall not hear his voice, nor touch his hand,
See wisdom face to face, nor quiet mirth
Shall share with him, nor music, nor things
planned

Enjoy as if fulfilled. There is a dearth
Come to our lives, who knew him. He is dead.
We cannot tell of him as should be told,

Nor reproduce his spirit. He is dead.

Sorrow our hearts doth hold.

Friends . . . those who knew him, all,

Lower the simple pall,

And bow the head.

He would not have us mourn, but gently miss
His kindliness, and if his soul has shone
To light our hearts with courage of the dawn,
He would have gladly smiled. But now that too
has gone.

One hope of understanding, less;

One ray of simple gentleness;

One guiding hand with genius in its touch
Has passed.

[ 84 3

This man was such
In spirit that he gave,

Nor would he bend to save
Himself for others.

Modest his name, but great
The love we bore him. Rather would he be known
As friend than as the master.

Now abate

Your grief awhile, for this sweet life has sown
In our remembering hearts a constancy
Of hope and wisdom, and an eager breath
That shall not fail. Pay the earth’s obsequies.

His soul borne in our hearts shall not know death.

[ 85 ]

RESOLUTION OF THE
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
OF AMERICA

Adopted December 27, 1922

RESOLVED: that the Archaeological Institute
of America hereby records its profound sorrow at
the untimely death of Professor Howard Crosby
Butler of Princeton University, Chairman of the
recently created Research Commission of the In¬
stitute.

His organizing power, continuous energy, in¬
trepid courage and quick insight were combined
with a rare personal attractiveness and marked
him as a born leader. During the laSt twenty
years the successive expeditions planned and con¬
ducted by him for exploration in the Syrian Des¬
ert and for the excavation of Ancient Sardis have
greatly extended and enriched modern knowledge
of older civilizations in the Near EaSt, and with
his exceptional achievements as a Stimulating
teacher and authoritative writer give him a place
among the foremoSt archaeologies of our time.

[ 86 ]

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER

HOWARD SEAYOY LEACH

BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS

Scotland’s ruined abbeys. New York, The Mac¬
millan Company, 1899. xx, 287 p.

A Mosaic pavement and inscription from the
bath at Serdjilla (Central Syria). Paris, Le-
roux, 1901, 8 p. (reprinted from Revue Arche -
ologique , Series 3, v. 39. p. 62-68).

The ^tory of Athens; a record of the life and art
of the city of the violet crown read in its ruins
and in the lives of great Athenians. New York,
The Century Co., 1902. ix, 532 p.

Architecture and other arts. (Publications of an
American Archaeological Expedition to Syria
in 1899-1900, Part 11.) New York, The Cen-
tury Co., T903. xxv, 433 p.

Catalogue of ca£ls made by the American Archae¬
ological Expedition to Syria in 1 899-1900. 5p.

Catalogue of photographs taken by an American
Archaeological Expedition to Syria in 1899-
1900. 17 p.

Catalogue of photographs taken by the Prince¬
ton Archaeological Expedition to Syria, n.d.

33 P-

C 87 ]

Explorations at Sic (Princeton Expedition to
Syria) . . . with EnnoLittmann. Paris, Leroux,
1905. up. (reprinted from Revue Archeologi-
que , series 4, v. 5, 1905. p. 404-412.)

TheTychaionatls-Sanamen and the plan of early
churches in Syria. Paris, Leroux, 1906. up.
(reprinted from Revue Archeologique , series 4,
v. 8, 1906. p.413-423.)

Ancient architecture in Syria. Leyden, E. J.
Brill, 1907. (Publications of the Princeton
University Archaeological Expedition to Syria
in 1904-1905 and 1909. Division 11.)

The Temple of Dushara, at Sic in the Hauran.
In Florilegium ; ou Recueil de travaux d* erudi¬
tion dedies a Monsieur le marquis Melchior de
Vogue a F occasion du quatre-vingtieme anni-
versaire de sa naissance 18 Otdobre 1909. Paris.
Imprimerie Nationale. 1909. p. 79-91.

Statement of the requirements necessary to the
development of a School of Architecture in
Princeton University. October 2, 1916. [Prince¬
ton University Press, 1916], 13 p. Resume in
The Daily Princetonian , v. 39, no. 16, October
28, 1916. p. 1, 4.

Sardis: The excavations, 1910-1914 (Publications
of the American Society for the Excavation of
Sardis, v. 1, pt. 1), Leyden, E. J. Brill, 1922.
xi, 213 p.

Architecture, Part 1. The Temple of Artemis
(Publications of the American Society for the
Excavation of Sardis) v. 2, pt. 1. In press.

C 88 3

Co-editor: Princeton University Bulletin, v. 14-
15, 1902-1904.

Editor: American Archaeological Expedition to
Syria in 1899-1900. Publications. New York,
The Century Co., 1903-1914, pts. 1-4, 6 (pt.
5 not published).

Editor: Princeton University Archaeological Ex¬
pedition to Syria in 1904-5 and 1909. Publi¬
cations. Leyden, E. J. Brill, 1907-1922.

Division II. Architecture.

Section A. Southern Syria.

Pt. 1. Ammonitis.

2. Southern Hauran.

3. Umm idj-Djimal.

4. Bosra.

5. Djebel Hauran and Hauran Plain.

6. Sic.

7. Ledja.

Section B. Northern Syria.

Pt. 1. The cAla and Kasr Ibn Wardan.

2. Anderin-Kerratin- Macrata.

3. Djebel Riha.

4. Djebel Barisha.

5. Djebel Halakah.

6. Djebel Simcan.

Division III. Greek and Latin inscriptions.
Section A. Southern Syria.

Pts. 1-7 (with titles the same as
Division II).

Northern Syria.

Pts. 1-6 (with titles the same as
Division II).

Division IV. Semitic Inscriptions.

Sebtion A. Nabataean inscriptions.

[Division I and other volumes in Division IV
not yet published.]

Editor: American Society for the Excavation of
Sardis. Publications. Leyden, E. J. Brill,
1916-1922. v. 1, pt. 1; v. 2, pt. 1; v. 6, pt. i;
v. 9, pt. 1.

Contributing Editor: Art and Archaeology , 1916-
1922.

L 9° ]

ARTICLES

Some old newspaper clippings. The Nassau Liter¬
ary Magazine , v. 46, 1891. p. 498-502.

Historic architecture in Normandie. Architecture
and Building , August 31, 1895. P* 99_iO!;
September 7, 1895. P- III_II5-

Some of Scotland’s ruined Abbeys. Architecture
and Building , October 5, 1895. P* 1 64— 1 66;
October 19, 1895. P* 1 85—1 89 ; November 16,
1 895 * P- 233-235 j January 1, 1898. p. 3-6;
April 2, 1898. p. 1 15— 1 17 ; April 16, 1898. p.
132-133; November 19, 1898. p. 163-16^. (To
be continued but none found).

“The series of college histories of art; ed. by J. C.
Van Dyke:” [review.] Princeton College Bul¬
letin, , v. 8, 1896, p. 1 03-105.

Report of an American Archaeological Expedi¬
tion in Syria 1899-1900. American Journal of
Archaeology , Second series , v. 4, 1900. p. 415-
440.

A mosaic pavement and inscription from the
bath at Serdjilla (Central Syria). Revue Arche-
ologique , Series 3, v. 39, 1901. p. 62-68.
Abstract in: American Journal of Archaeology ,
Second series , v. 6, 1902. p. 62.

The Roman aqueducts as monuments of archi¬
tecture. American Journal of Archaeology .
Second series , v. 5, 1901. p. 175-199.

Sculpture in Northern Central Syria; a brief de¬
scription of a number of monuments found by
the American Archaeological Expedition to

C 91 3

Syria in 1899-1900. Princeton University Bul¬
letin , v. 13, 1902. p. 33-40.

Also in : Scientific American Supplement , v.
54, 1902. p. 22244-22246.

AbStrad in: American Journal of Archaeology ,
Second series , v. 5, 1901. p. 5-6.

Five unpublished churches of the find quarter of
the fifth century in Northern Central Syria.
American Journal of Archaeology , Second se¬
ries , v. 7, 1903. p. 98-99. [AbStrad.]

General meeting of the archaeologists in Prince¬
ton. Princeton University Bulletin , v. 14, 1903.
P- 37-41-

A land of deserted cities. Century Magazine , v. 66,
1903. p. 217-227.

Pen and ink drawing representing a part of a
wall of the ruined Abbey of Dundrinnon in
Scotland; illustration used in “The Proposed
Graduate College of Princeton University.”
Princeton, 1903.

Adventures and important discoveries of the
Princeton Expedition to Syria; [letters from
Mr. Butler]. Princeton Alumni Weekly , v. 5?

I9°5* P- 3OI_ 3°5*

Preliminary report of the Princeton University
Expedition to Syria. American Journal of
Archaeology , Second series , v. 9, 1905. p. 389—
400.

Princeton: a typical American university town
and its beautiful architedure. Indoors and

C 92 3

Out ; a monthly magazine , v. I, 1905. p. 103-
120.

The Princeton Expedition to Syria; [interview.]
Princeton Alumni Weekly , v. 6, 1905. p. 85-
87, 107-109.

Explorations at Sic (Princeton Expedition to
Syria) . . . with Enno Littmann. Revue Ar-
cheologique , Series, 4, v. 5, 1905. P- 404-412.
Abstract in: American Journal of Archaeology ,
Second series , v. 9, 1905. p. 343.

The Tychaion at Is-Sanamen and the plan of
early Churches in Syria. Revue Arche ologique ,
Series 4, v. 8, 1906. p. 413-423.

Abstract in: American Journal of Archaeology ,
Second series , v. 10, 1906. p. 80-81.

The Dome in the architecture of Syria; [abstract.]
American Journal of Archaeology , Second se¬
ries , v. 11,1907^.58-59.

tion to Syria. American Philosophical Society.
Proceedings, v. 46, 1907. p. 182-186. Reprint¬
ed, 1907.

Professor Butler returns. [Interview reporting
upon the 1909 Princeton Archaeological Ex¬
pedition to Syria.] Phe P)aily Princetonian , v.
34, extra, June 12, 1909. p. 7.

The Roman fortresses in the provinces of Syria
and Arabia; [abstract.] American Journal of
Archaeology , Second Series 14, 1910. p.75-76.

The excavation of Sardis; [letter.] Princeton
Alumni Weekly , v. 10, 1910. p. 498.

C 93 3

Letter describing work at Sardis, May 14, 1910.
The Daily Princetonian , v. 35, extra, June 14,
1910. p. 4.

American excavations at Sardis. American Jour¬
nal of Archaeology , Second series , v. 14. p. 401-

13; v. J5> P- 445-58; v- l6> P- 465-79; v- !7>

p. 471-8; v. 18, p. 425-37. 1910-14.

Letter to Dr. C. W. Kennedy about Sardis.
Princetoyi Alumni Weekly , v. 1 1, 191 1. p. 360-

361-

Also in: Daily Princetonian , v. 36, no. 14,

March 14, 191 1. p. 1.

Lydian inscriptions from Sardis (with Albert
Thumb). American Journal of Archaeology ,
Second series , v. 15, ipu.p. 149-160.

An archaeological discovery of firCt importance.
Princeton Alumni Weekly , v. 13, 1912. p. 11-

T5-

(Reprinted from the York Evening Pott).

Important discovery; key to Lydian language
found; [interview.] The Daily Princetonian ,
v. 37, no. 38, September 27, 1912, p. 1.

Correction to A. J. A. xvi, 1912. p. 477. A?neri-
can Journal of Archaeology , Second series , v.
17, 1913. p. 2 66.

Sardis; [interview.] Daily Princetonian , v.
37, no. 91, October 10, 1914. p. 3.

Sardis and the American excavations. Scribner s
Magazine, v. 55, 1914. p. 343-357.

Bringing a dead city to life. The Youth’s Com¬
panion, April 22, 1915.

C 94 3

Art makes the world a finer place to live in. The
Daily Princetonian , v. 39, no. 50, December
9,1916. p. 1,3.

DiCtinCt ages mark Ctyle of Princeton architec¬
ture; [interview.] The Daily Princetonian , v.
38, no. 349, January 20, 1916. p. 1,4.

University will have architectural school; [inter¬
view.] The Daily Princetonian , v. 39, no. 66,
January 12, 1917. p. 1, 4.

Architectural school in Department of Art. The
Daily Princetonian , v. 39, no. 68, January 15,
1917. p. 1,4.

Among the Druses, “Cousins of the English,” on
the borders of old Arabia. Scribner s Maga¬
zine ■, v. 63, 1918. p. 571-579-

Plea to save antiquities; a report of an address
before the Archaeological Institute. The New
York Suny January 3, 1919.

War greatly increases architectural interest. The
Daily Princetonian , v. 40, no. 29. February
x4, I9J9- P- U 4-

Plans for new Architectural School; [interview.]
The Daily Princetonian , v. 40, no. 88, May 6,
1919. p. 1-2.

Architectural school opened; [interview.] The
Daily Princetonian , v. 40, no. 136, October
16, 1919. p. 1-2.

Foreword to “Princeton sketches by Maitland
Belknap and Edwin Avery Park.” [Privately
printed.] CI919. 2 p.

Editor: Art and Archaeology; an illustrated month-

[ 95 :

ly magazine , v. 9, no. 4, April, 1920. [Special
number edited by H. C. B.]

Desert Syria, the land of a loSt civilization. The
Geographical Review , v. 9, 1920. p. 77-108.

Hellenistic cities of Asia Minor; an editorial pref¬
ace. Art and Archaeology ,v-9, 1920, p. 155-156.

Letter defending the Triangle Show of 1920. The
Daily Princetonian , v. 41, no. 149. December
17, 1920. p. 3-4.

Miletus, Priene and Sardis. Art and Archaeology ,
v. 9, 1920. p. 171-86.

The School of Architecture; [editorial.] The Daily
Princetonian , v. 41, no. 78, June 5, 1920. p. 2.

Good conditions in Smyrna; a letter, June 14,
1921. New York Times, June 19, 11, 2:6. 1921.

Investigations atAssos; conducted by the Archae¬
ological Institute of America. Art and Archae-
ology^v. 12, 1921. p. 17-26.

McCormick Hall and the School of Architecture.
Princeton Alumni JVeekly ,v .22,1921 .p.99-102.

In Memoriam: Walter LeSter Ward. Yearbook of
the Princeton Architectural Association , 1921.
p. 15-17.

Preface. Yearbook of the Princeton Architectural
Association , 1921. p. 1-2.

Report of the progress of the School of Archi¬
tecture of Princeton University. Yearbook of
the Princeton Architectural Association , 1921.
p. 6-14.

Conditions controlling excavation work in Sardis

[ 96 3

outlined. Yhe Daily Princetonian , v. 42, no.
165. January 16, 1922. p. 3.

Our museums’ big chance; new opportunity for
leadership in excavations for classic art ob¬
jects; [interview.] New York Yimes , February
26, vii, 14:1. 1922.

The resumption of excavations at Sardis. Prince¬
ton Alumni Weekly , v. 22, 1922. p. 632.

Maps made in Syria by Princeton men and used
in the British campaign against the Turks.
News-Letter of the Princeton Engineering Asso-
ciation , v. 2, 1922. p. 106-108.

A journey in Ledja. National Geographic Maga¬
zine (To appear).

Nabatean temple plans and the plan of Syrian
churches. Essays on Eastern art dedicated to
Josef Strzygowski hy his friends and pupils on
the occasion of his 60th birthday (To appear).

Elevated columns at Sardis and the sculptured
pedestals from Ephesus. Anatolian Studies pre¬
sented to Sir William Ramsay. Manchester ,
Manchester University Press. (To appear).

[ 97 ]

PROFESSOR BUTLER AND HIS WORK

Mr. Butler and his archaeological work. Annual
report of the President of Princeton University
(Woodrow Wilson), 1905. p. 3.

Howard Crosby Butler; autobiographical sketch.
In “Princeton Class of Ninety-Two. ” N. Y.

I9°7* P- 53-57-

Archaeological expedition. Phe Daily Princeton-
ian , v. 33, no. 170, February 15, 1909. p. 1.

Jalabert, L. Deux missions archeologiques ameri-
caines en Syrie. Melanges de lafaculte orientale
Beyrouth {Syrie) Tome 111, Fasc. 11. p. 713—
752. 1909.

Important discoveries in Sardis. Princeton Alum¬
ni Weekly n. p.58-59. 1910.

Large excavations made by Princeton men. Phe
Daily Princetonian , v. 35, no. 79. September
26, 1910. p. 1.

Excavations at Sardis. Phe Daily Princetonian ,
v. 35, no. 141, December 13, 1910. p. 1.

Archaeology [Mr. Butler and Sardis.] New Inter¬
national Yearbook , 1910. p. 50; 1911, p. 64;

I9125p.44;i9i3,p.5i-52;19l4,p.48;i9i5,p.42.

Chase, George H., Archaeology in 1909. Phe Clas¬
sical Journal , v. 6, p. 65. 1910-11; Archaeol¬
ogy in 1910, ibid. v. 7, p. 62-64; Archaeology
in 1 9 1 1 , ibid. v. 8, p.99-101, 191 2-13; Archae¬
ology in 1912, ibid. v. 9, p. 54-55. 1913-14;
Archaeology in 1913, ibid. v. 10, p. 1 00-10 1.

I9I4“I5-

n 98 :

Butler expedition will sail for Eadt Wednesday.

' Phe Daily Princetonian , v. 35, no. 150, Janu¬
ary 9, 1911. p. 1.

Lucy Wharton Drexel medal conferred. The Daily
Princetonian , v. 36, no. 1. February 27, 1911.

P-3-

Robinson, David M., Report of a ledture upon
archaeological work in Asia Minor. Phe Daily
Princetonian , v. 36, no. 60, May 12, 1911. p.i.

Tracy, C. C., Sardis uncovered. Missionary Her¬
ald, v. 107, p. 361-362. 191 1.

Sardis Excavations; [interview.] PheDaily Prince¬
tonian, v. 36, no. 152. December 19, 1911. p.
1-2.

Excavations at Sardis. Phe Daily Princetonian, v.
36, no. 159, January 11, 1912. p. 3.

Third season at Sardis; [editorial.] Princeton
Alumni Weekly, v. 12, 1912. p. 218.

The Sardis Expedition. Annual report of the Pres¬
ident of Princeton University (John Grier Hib-
ben) 1912, p.37-38; 1913^.47-48.

Princeton man to Sardis. New York Pimes. Janu¬
ary 19, v. 18:4, 19I3-

Howard Crosby Butler. Phe New International
Encyclopaedia, v. 4, 1914. p. 219.

T he Sardis Expedition (from the President’s annu¬
al report for 1913). Princeton AlumniWeekly ,
v. 14, I9t4- P- 327-

Sardis. International Standard Bible Encyclopae¬
dia, v. 4, 1915. p. 2692.

C 99 3

/

The School of Architecture. Annual report of the
President of Princeton University (John Grier
Hibben) 1916, p. 8-10.

Denial from Professor Butler; Princeton archae¬
ologist is not to search for wealth of Croe¬
sus. New York Yimes, January 2, 6:8. 1917.

The American and Princeton Archaeological Ex¬
peditions to Syria. In Camden M. Cobern,
“The New Archaeological Discoveries,” 3d
edition. New York (Funk & Wagnalls), 1918.
p. 442, etc.

Howard Crosby Butler, American Educator. Yhe
Encyclopedia Americana , v. 5, 1918. p. 79.

Excavations at Sardis, Encyclopaedia Britan-
nica (New Volumes), xxx, 1922. p. 182.

Howard Crosby Butler. Who's Who in America ,
v. 12, 1922-23.

Seeks to excavate old Lydian Capital. New York
Yimes , May 7, 11,2:3. 1922.

Howard Crosby Butler. In “The Class of 1892
Princeton University After Thirty Years.”
Princeton, 1922. p. 34-37.

Gold coins minted by Croesus found in ruins of
Sardis; [interview with Dr. T. Leslie Shear.]
New York Yimes , June 14, 1 :i. 1922.

Find oldest gold coins. Boflon Evening Yran-
script, June 15, 1922. p. 12.

Johnston, Alva. The potted gold of Croesus. New
York Yimes , June 25, 111, 17:1. 1922.

[ 100 3

Marquand, Allan. Howard Crosby Butler. March
7, 1872 — August 13, 1922. Bulletin of the Arch¬
aeological Institute of America, v. 13, p. 154-
156. 1922.

Notice of death of Professor Butler. New York
Herald (Paris edition), August 16, 1922.

Notice of death of Professor Butler, New York
Yimes, August 16, 1922. p. 9:3.

A tribute to Professor Butler. Yhe Yimes (Lon¬
don), August 19, 1922. p. 5.

Howard Crosby Butler. Princeton Packet , Au¬
gust 19, 1922.

Short account of Burial. New York Yimes s Sep¬
tember 7, 1922. p. 1715-

Death of Professor Butler. Yhe Daily Princeton-
ian , v. 43, no. 90, September 27, 1922. p. 1,7.

Professor Butler; [editorial.] Yhe Daily Prince-
tonian , v. 43, no. 90, September 27, 1922. p. 2.

We£t, Andrew Fleming. Tribute to Mr. Butler.
Yhe Daily Princetonian , v. 43, no. 90, Septem¬
ber 27, 1922. p. 1, 7.

Professor H. C. Butler, ’92, dies suddenly. News¬
letter of the Princeton Engineering Association ,
v. 3, no. 1, September, 1922. p. 14.

Services held to-day in memory of Butler. Yhe
Daily Princetonian , v. 43, no. 1 1 1, October 21,
1922. p. 1,4.

Butler’s life eulogized at memorial ceremonies.
Yhe Daily Princetonian , v. 43, no. 112, Octo¬
ber 23, 1922. p. 1, 6.

[ 101 ]

[The memorial service; editorial]. Princeton Alum¬
ni Weekly , v. 23, p. 78, October 25, 1922.

Kennedy, Charles W. To H. C. B. Princeton
Alumni Weekly , v. 23, p. 98, 1922.

Wedt, Andrew Fleming. In Memoriam: Howard
Crosby Butler; Dean West’s tribute at the
memorial service in Prodter Hall. Princeton
Alumni Weekly , v. 23, p. 98, 1922.

Steese, Edward. Lines in memory of Howard
Crosby Butler. Phe Nassau Literary Maga¬
zine , v. 78, p. 74. 1922.

Excavations at Sardis. Phe Scientific American ,
v. 128, p. 27. 1922.

Shear, Theodore Leslie. Sixth preliminary report
on the American Excavations at Sardis. Amer¬
ican Journal of Archaeology , v. 26, p. 389—
409. 1922.

Necrology — Howard Crosby Butler. American
Journal of Archaeology, Second series , v. 26, p.
339-340. 1922-

Hibben, John Grier. Opening address, September
26, 1922. Princeton Alumni Weekly , v. 23, p.
8-9, Odlober 4, 1922.

In Memoriam: Howard Crosby Butler. Bulletin
of the American Schools of Oriental Research ,
no. 7, p. 4-5, Odlober, 1922.

The coins of Croesus; [editorial.] New York
Pimes , November 6, 1922. p. 14.

In Memoriam: Howard Crosby Butler. Art and
Archaeology , v. 15, p. 46. 1923.

n 102 1

Resolution of the Faculty adopted October 16,
1922. Annual report of the President of Prince¬
ton University (John Grier Hibben), Decem¬
ber. 1922, p. 18-19.

Howard Crosby Butler. Biographical notice pre¬
fixed to his volume on the Temple of Artemis.
(Publications of the American Society for the
Excavation of Sardis, v. 2, pt. 1.) {In press.)

Howard Crosby Butler, 1872-1922. Princeton,
N. J. Princeton University Press , 1923. 93 p.

Rich Sardis relics at Metropolitan reveal Lydian
life. New York Times , March 2, 1923. p. 1,3.

Leach, Howard Seavoy. A selebl bibliography of
the published writings of Howard Crosby
Butler {American Journal of Archaeology )

(To appear.)

c 103 ]

SELECTED REVIEWS

Scotland's ruined Abbeys. N. Y. Macmillan, 1 899.
'The Nation , v. 69, 1899. p. 434; The Athen¬
aeum , v. 1, 1900. p. 214-215; The American
Historical Review (by A. D. F. Hamlin), v. 5,
1900. p. 610-61 1 ; The Bolton Herald , Novem¬
ber 4, 1899; The New York Tribune , Decem¬
ber 2, 1899; The Scotsman , December 7, 1899;
The Churchman , December 9, 1899; The New
York Evening Poll, December 12, 1899; ^he
Morning Poll (by J. G. M’Pherson) December
27, 1899; The Glasgow Herald , December 28,
1899; The Pall Mall Gazette ^ January 26, 1900;
The Stirling Observer , February 7, 1900; The
Manchester Guardian , February 10, 1900; The
Guardian , February 28, 1900; The Saturday
Review , April 14, 1900.

American archaeological expedition to Syria in
1899-1900. Publications. (Architecture and
other arts) ; American Journal of Archaeology ,
n. s. v. 8, 1904. p. 301 ; The Nation , v. 78, 1904
p. 396; Byzantiniscbe Zeitscbrift (by J. Strzy-
gowski), v. 14, 1905. p. 298-300; The Classi¬
cal Review (by R. P. Spiers), v. 19, 1905. p.
85-87; Revue Biblique (by H. Vincent), n. s.
v. 2, 1905. p. 112-114; Berliner Pbilologiscbe
Wocbenscbrift (by A. Furtwangler), 1906. p.
692-693; Wocbenscbrift fur Klassiscbe Pbil-
ologie (by M. Sobernheim), Jahrg. 25, 1908.
p. 481-485; American Journal of Philology
(by D. M. Robinson), v. 30, 1909. p. 199-207.

Z 104 3

The ^tory of Athens. N. Y. The Century Com¬
pany, 1902; The Dial (by G. M. R. Twose),
v. 35, 1903. p. 91; The Nation , v. 76, 1903. p.
79; The Independent , v. 55, 1903. p. 795-796.

Princeton University Archaeological Expedition
to Syria in 1904-05 and 1909. Publications.
Variously reviewed as parts appeared as fol¬
lows: Byzantinische Zeitschrift (by J. S.), v. 1 8,

1909. p. 278-280; Revue Biblique (by Hughes
Vincent, O. P.), n. s. v. 5, p. 592-596; Revue
Biblique (by Hughes Vincent, O.P.), n. s. v. 7,

1910. p. 285-288; Revue Biblique (by Hughes
Vincent, O.P.), n. s. v. 9, 1912. p. 296-299;
Byzantinische Zeitschrift (by J. S.), v. 20,

19 1 1 . p. 597; Byzantinische Zeitschrift (by J.
S.) v. 21, 1912. p. 342-343; Wochenschrift fur
Klassische Philologie , Jahrg. 29, 1912. p. 112-
1 17 ; The Classical Review (by W. H. D.
Rouse), v. 26, 1912. p. 171-172; Revue Bib¬
lique (by F. M. Abel), n. s. v. 1 1, 1914. p. 597“
600; The Classical Review (by W. H. D.
Rouse), v. 28, 1914. p. 165-166; Wochen¬
schrift fur Klassische Bhilologie , Jahrg. 31,

1914. p. 673-676; Homiletic Review , v. 69,

1915. p. 343-344; Homiletic Review , v. 72,

1916. p. 54; Palestine Exploration Fund;
Quarterly Statement (by J. D. C.), January,
1916. p. 44-46; Homiletic Review (by G. W.
G.), v. 84, 1922. p. 220-221.

C >°5 1

UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS

Architectural studies in Sicily and Southern Italy.
Early Churches in Syria.

Land of a Lo£t Civilization.

Pa£t Accomplishments and Future Possibilities
of Archaeology in the Turkish Empire.

Plea for the Protection of American Educational
and Scientific Enterprises in the Ottoman
Empire.

Report on the Proposals for an Independent Arab
State or States.

The Internationalization of the Historic Monu¬
ments of Nearer Asia. (Paper read at the
Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of
America, December, 1918.)

Two new Syrian Maps.

Windows and doorways.

C 106 ]

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